Pa Epulo 1, 2026, NASA's Space Launch System idzudzula kuchoka Kennedy Space Center ndi astronawta asinai pam'safari yomwe munthu alibe pampando moposa theka la zaka zana. Artemis 2 ndi ntchito yoyamba yokhala ndi anthu paliponse pa orbit yajifuni kuchokera Apollo 17 mu Disamba 1972. Pafupifupi masiku 10, gulu lidzafukira mozungulira Mwezi ndikudzabwera kunyumba — ndipo nthawi iliyonse ya m'safari iyi, maola awo adzatikire mosiyana ndi athu panyengo pa Dziko.
Gulu likulemba mbiri
Gulu la Artemis 2 limayimira kusiyanasiyana kwanthawi ya Apollo. Mlengedza Reid Wiseman, woyendetsa ndege wa Navy ndi mnzakale wa ISS, alembetsa ntchito. Woyendetsa ndege Victor Glover, amene adayendetsa ndege pa SpaceX Crew-1, adzakuva munthu woyamba wamtundu wina kuyenda paliponse pa orbit ya Dziko.\n\nMzasayansi wa ntchito Christina Koch ali ndi mfundo yaitali yomwe mkazi woyendetsayo nyumba ya space — masiku 328 atakutsikila pa International Space Station mu 2019-2020. Adzakuva mkazi woyamba kuyenda kwa Mwezi. Astronaut wa Canadian Space Agency Jeremy Hansen, woyendetsa ndege wa CF-18 wakale, amakomezeretsa gulu pokhala woyamba Kanad ndi woyamba wosowa Americawo kuchoka pa orbit ya Dziko.
Mtundu wa ntchito
Artemis 2 imatsatira njira yobuya mwachilengedzo — njira yoyendera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya Dziko ndi Mwezi kuti igonthe mnyumba ya space kunyumba, yomwe imaperekakanema kwa chidziwitso. Ntchito imapangika minyundo:\n\nOrion roketiye SLS imasamutsani mu orbit yajifuni ya Dziko. Pambuyo pa kuwunika kwa zinthu, moturi ya Orion imafukira kuti isondonitse gulu pam'safari wamakumi anam'biri m'maere kwa Mwezi. Mnyumba ya space idzafukira pafupifupi mailo 6.500 (ma-km 10.400) pa dziko la Mwezi musanafike pambuyo kwa Dziko. Nthawi yonse ya ntchito ndi pafupifupi masiku 10, ikusiyana ndi kudumpha pa Nyanja Yaikulu.\n\nNthawi ya ulendo, gulu lidzayeseza mitima ya Orion koyamba ndi anthu — zolamula zankhulupu, kusunga kwakufufuza, zinthu za mawu, ndi zinthu zobvomereza zomwe zonse ziyenera kugwira ntchito bwino musanachoke NASA astronawta kwa nthawi yina kwa dziko la Mwezi.
Kuwerengera kwa nthawi m'nthawi wathana
Apa ndi popano pomwe ntchito iyenerana ndi chinachake chapachakale chidziwitso. Pamene gulu la Artemis 2 likuyenda m'malo amwechi komanso likadutsa pafupi ndi Mwezi, lidzakhalire lapali kuchokera ku mphamvu ya Dziko. Einstein's theory yambiri ya ubale ikunenepa kuti nthawi imayenda mofulumira mu mphamvu yotsika — ndipo mphamvu ya Mwezi ndi gawo limodzi kuchokera kwa Dziko.\n\nUdo umenewo ndi womwe Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) idapangidwira kuti ichitike. Maola paliponse pa kapena pafupi ndi Mwezi atsika pafupifupi ma-microseconds 56.02 mokumakumachiyamwiritsa pa tsiku la Dziko likafananiza ndi maola pa dziko la Dziko. Mwachidali maola 10 a Artemis 2, maola a gulu akubaala atsika koma abwino abwino amasiyana ndi maola a Dziko.\n\nAstronauta a Apollo anatenga ubale wobwerezabwereza, ngakhale anali ndi sababu iliyonse yoyeseza mosamala. Kwa Artemis, nthawi yosamala ndi yofunika. Ntchito yina idzadalira maola a wapangidwira kuti ma-navigation, kalaniro ka mawu, ndipo pomaliza GPS network. Artemis 2 ndi gawo loyamba la anthu kwa njira yapachitani.
Kuchoka kwa Artemis 1 mpaka Artemis 2
Artemis 1 idachumbukiridwa mu Novembara 2022 ngati ulendo wosayendetsa anthu, isandonitsa Orion pam'safari wamakumi awiri ndi asanu thawa pafupi ndi Mwezi. Ntchito idawonetsa kuti roketiye SLS ndi chilindam cha Orion, chomwe chiyenera kutembenuka pa digiri zikwizikwi (madigiri 5.000 Fahrenheit) panthawi yobuya pa mph 25.000 — linakhala lachimoto lofulumira litayenda m'ndege yanthu.\n\nMawiri adasokoneza kuchita kachulu kakang'ono cha chilindam pa Artemis 1 kubwerera. Ostina kuloweza chilindam, NASA idasintha njira yobuya ya Artemis 2, pogwiritsa ntchito ndi maulendo owira kudzera komwe kumachepedwa nthawi yomwe imachitika m'malo otentha. Kuyesa kudziko kunathibitsa kuti njira iliyonse ili mkati mwa malamulo ose amtundu ndi ankhuni.\n\nArtemis 2 ndi nguvu pang'onopang'ono kuliko Artemis 1 — pafupifupi masiku 10 motsutsana ndi 25 — chifukwa cholinga lake choyamba ndi kuonetsa kuti zonse zimatsatira anthu. Gulu ndi lidzaonetsa rendezvous ndi ntchito za pafupi pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lochita lachifesi, mphamvu yofunika kuti itikire ndi Lunar Gateway pa nthawi yina.
Kodi chikachitike
Ntchito iliyonse ya Artemis imamanga mpaka kumenepo mungathere anthu pa Mwezi:\n\nArtemis 3, yokhala ndi mataligaligu a 2027, idzayeseza rendezvous ndi docking m'orbit yajifuni ya Dziko ndi minyumba ya space yomwe idapangidwa ndi makompani — SpaceX's Starship Human Landing System ndi Blue Origin's Blue Moon. Gulu ndi lidzayeseza nguo yatsopano ya Axiom yopangidwira kugwira ntchito pa dziko la Mwezi.\n\nArtemis 4, yokhala ndi mataligaligu a 2028 kapena pambuyo, ikuyembekezeka kukhala ntchito yoyamba yotsika astronawta pa malema a Mwezi kwa nthawi pafupifupi la sabata limodzi. Pano nthawiyi kukhala komwe kumafunika maola osamala a Mwezi adzakhalanso pa nthawi — gulu lodziko, zinthu zam'mbale, ndi kumanga kwa ntchito pa Dziko kumafunika kugwiritsa nthawi imodzi yomwe ingawonetsedwe zokhudzana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa ubale.
Lembanani ntchito m'nthawi ya Mwezi
Pamene Artemis 2 ikuzungulira Mwezi, mutha kutsatira pogwiritsa ntchito live Coordinated Lunar Time clock pa malo amenya. Clock imagwiritsa ntchito pa UTC kuti ikhone +56.02 microseconds pa tsiku, kumayambira J2000.0 epoch — chofanana ndi ubale womwe gulu la Artemis 2 likudzamva pogwira anthu pakatikati pa Dziko kuyendetsa paliponse kuposa anthu aliyonse pa zaka 50.