Nthawi zonse 29.53 masiku, Mwezi umaloledza cycle yokwanira ya magawo — kuchokera pa new moon yomwe siyowoneka mpaka full moon yomwe ndi yowala ndi kububwerera. Magawo awa amakonzedwa tsiculultsi kwa agriculture, navigation, ndi calendar kwa zaka zambiri. Lero, Moon Phase Calendar likuli kuti mukonze gawo lililonse lolimodzi ndi nthawi zomwe zapezeka kuchokera kwa astronomical algorithms.
Chifukwa Chiyani Mwezi Uli ndi Magawo
Mwezi siulapanga kuwala kwake — umagumizira kuwala kwa Liyuwa. Pomwe Mwezi umayenda mozungulira Earth, zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mutu wake womwe umapezeka kuwala wazungulira zimakonza ku cycle ya magawo.
Pa nthawi iliyonse, theka limodzi la Mwezi ndi kumapozedwa ndi Liyuwa (mutu omwe umakwakwa Liyuwa). Magawo omwe timaona adi chifukwa cha angle pakati pa Liyuwa, Earth, ndi Mwezi. Pomwe Mwezi uli pakati pa Earth ndi Liyuwa, timaona mutu wake womwe usataibwidwa — new moon. Pomwe Earth ndi pakati pa Mwezi ndi Liyuwa, timaona mutu womwe umapozedwa zonsezi — full moon.
Magawo 8 a Lunar Cycle
New Moon — Mwezi uli pakati pa Earth ndi Liyuwa. Mutu womwe umapozedwa umakwakwa paliponse popala yathu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Mwezi usayowoneke (0% illumination). Umu umapangitsa poyamba ya cycle ya synodic.
Waxing Crescent — Thin sliver ya kuwala imapezeka pa kudzanja kwa Mwezi (mu Northern Hemisphere). Kuwala kumakula kuchokera 0% mpaka 50%. Crescent Moon nthawi zambiri imayowoneka pomwe Liyuwa iyatsogola.
First Quarter — Half yokwanira ya mutu wa Mwezi umapozedwa (50%). Ngati dzina lathu la "quarter," half ya Mwezi imawoneka kuti ndi kuwala — itchedwa "first quarter" chifukwa Mwezi uli pakati pa quarter poyamba ya cycle.
Waxing Gibbous — Kuposa half ya Mwezi kumapozedwa, kumakula kupita full. "Gibbous" imachokera kwa Latin word ponena za "hump."
Full Moon — Mutu wonse wa Mwezi womwe timaona umapozedwa (100%). Mwezi umapukuka pamwe ndi Liyuwa yokufwa ndipo umafukula pamwe ndi Liyuwa yoyuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti imayowoneka tsiku lonseli. Umu umachitika pamwamba pa Day 14.8 ya cycle.
Waning Gibbous — Kuwala kumatangula kutsika kuchokera full. Mutu womwe umapozedwa umasantsa kuchokera kudzanja.
Last Quarter — Half ya Mwezi umapozedwa ndiponso (50%), komabe lino linanso loposa First Quarter. Mwezi uli pantatu pa quarter ya cycle.
Waning Crescent — Thin sliver imatsala, yowoneka kumwambo kwambuyomu kupitiliza Liyuwa. Cycle ndipo imasinthasintha ndi new moon yotsatira.
Synodic Month
Cycle yokwanira ya magawo — kuchokera pa new moon imodzimodzi mpaka new moon yotsatira — itchedwa synodic month, ndipo imapitiliza masiku 29.53 (29 masiku, ola 12, maminiti 44). Umu ndi zosiyanasiyana ndi sidereal month (masiku 27.32), yomwe ndi nthawi yomwe Mwezi amatenga mozungulira Earth kwinanzo kwa nyezi.
Synodic month ndi yaikulu chifukwa pamwe Mwezi umayenda mozungulira Earth, Earth yenso ndi imayenda pokwakwa Liyuwa. Mwezi amafuna zaka zoyambira ~2.2 kuti "ilamule" ndipo ibwera mukwalo komwe kuli Liyuwa-Earth-Moon angle yomwezi.
Moon Phases ndi Tides
Gawo la Mwezi limaphatikiza zimyalimidwe pa Earth. Ndi new moons ndi full moons, Liyuwa ndi Mwezi ali ndi maulando, ndipo gravity yawo imaphatikizana kuti ipangitse tidal ranges yomwe ndi yaikulu yotchedwa spring tides. Ndi quarter phases, Liyuwa ndi Mwezi ali pa angles zoyenera, zomwe zimapanela pang'ono mu traction ya gravity yawo, zimapangitsa tidal ranges yotsika yotchedwa neap tides.
Zomwe izi zimaphatikiza mu gravity yenso ndilo chifukwa Mwezi umayenda paliponse kuchokera pa Earth — pamwamba pa 3.8 centimeters pa chaka — ndi chifukwa ichi Earth's rotation imamawalanda pang'ono.
Kukonza Moon Phases
Moon Phase Calendar pa malo pano imawerengetsa nthawi zeniyeni za magawo kugwiritsira ntchito Meeus astronomical algorithm. Mungaona illumination percentages pa tsiku lililonse, nthawi zeniyeni kwa events zonse za major phase, ndi lunali lomwe lili pa lero. Kuti mudziwe mokwanira momwe kuwerengeka kumayenda, onani How Lunar Time Is Calculated.