Pompo pano, Mercury ndi 0.89 AU kuchokera kwa Earth, Venus ndi 1.56 AU, Mars ndi 2.29 AU, Jupiter ndi 5.12 AU, ndipo Saturn ndi 10.48 AU kumalayo.
Mafunso Omwe Amafunsidwa Ponena za Mapu a Solar System
Malo a mapulaneti ali kuzi lero?
Mapu yomwe ili pamwambapa ikuwonetsa malo omwe akuchitika a mapulaneti asanu ndi atatu — Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, ndi Neptune — kuwerengeka kuchokera kwa zomwe zinalembedwa ndi NASA JPL. Dilibulira pulaneti iliyonse kuti muonani mayesi ake kuchokera kwa Liyuwa ndi Earth pa nthawi yomwe ili pa lero.
Mars ali kumalayo kotani kwa Earth pa lero?
Mayesi pakati pa Mars ndi Earth amasinthika nthawi zonse momwe mapulaneti onse akuzungulira Liyuwa ndi chibuzi chosiyanasiyana. Dilibulira Mars pa mapu yomwe ili pamwambapa kuti muonani mayesi omwe ali pa lero. Mars imayandikira kuchokera ~0.37 AU (55 kilomita miliyoni) mu kukali kopiti mpaka 2.68 AU (401 kilomita miliyoni) momwe ili molowe a Liyuwa.
Pulaneti iliyonse ndi ili nthawi yiti kuzungulira Liyuwa?
Mercury: masiku 88. Venus: masiku 225. Earth: masiku 365.25. Mars: masiku 687 (1.9 zaka). Jupiter: masiku 4,333 (11.9 zaka). Saturn: masiku 10,759 (29.5 zaka). Uranus: masiku 30,687 (84 zaka). Neptune: masiku 60,190 (165 zaka). Gwiritsa ntchito zokonzeketsedwe za time-lapse kuti muonani malo a mapulaneti akuyankhula.
Malo a mapulaneti amawerengedwa motani?
Mapu iyi imagwiritsira ntchito Keplerian orbital elements za NASA JPL ndi nthawi zomwe zikumveramukanso (secular perturbation rates) kwa nthawi 1800–2050 AD. Parameters atatu a orbital amawerengetsa pa tsiku lomwe lili pa pulaneti, ndipo equation ya Kepler imasoledwa mwa iteration yomwe imagwiritsira Newton-Raphson kuti pozindikire malo eniyeni mu ecliptic plane. Malo ali ndi kulondeza mpaka degree imodzi.
Zomwe ndikuonana ndi chiyani?
Mukuona malo omwe akuoweka kuchokera pamwamba kwa ecliptic plane — malo omwe amatanthauzidwa ndi orbital ya Earth. Liyuwa ili pakati, ndipo mapulaneti asanu ndi atatu onse akuwonetsedwa mu malo omwe anali ndi chidziwitsochi kwa heliocentric. Mwezi akuwonetsedwa akuzungulira Earth. Mayesi amagwiritsira ntchito scale ya logarithmic yomwe ikuphikisana kuti mapulaneti onse ayowoneka.
Mapulaneti ali ndi scale yomwe anali ndi chidziwitsochi?
Ayi — mapulaneti ali ndi scale yomwe yapangidwa kuti ayowoneka. Ngati azingeni ndi scale yomwe anali ndi malo a orbital yomwe ikuwonetsedwa, Jupiter yinso ingayesidwe kuti ikaoneka. Komabe, malo omwe anali ndi chidziwitsochi ndi malo a orbital ali ndi chidziwitsochi.
Ndi mitha yogwilira kuonana malo omwe anali kale kapena malo omwe azichitika?
Inde! Gwiritsa ntchito zokonzeketsedwe za nthawi kuti muima ndi kusankha tsiku lilililonse. Zokonzeketsedwe za chibuzi zimayambira pa nthawi yomwe ili ngati imeneyi (1x) mpaka masiku 30 omwe asinthika pa sekondi. Sakanyo la tsiku likuli kuti musankhe tsiku lilililonse pakati pa 1800 ndi 2050 AD.
Astronomical Unit (AU) ndi chiyani?
One Astronomical Unit imanena mayesi omwe akuchitika kuchokera kwa Earth mpaka Liyuwa — pamwamba pa kilomita 149.6 miliyoni (maili 93 miliyoni). Neptune, pulaneti yomwe ili pakalekale, ndi ili pakuti zungulira Liyuwa pa ~30 AU.
Ponena za Mapu a Solar System
Mapu omwe angathetsedwe akhoza malo omwe akuchitika a mapulaneti asanu ndi atatu ndi Mwezi, yowoneka kuchokera kupamwamba kwa ecliptic plane — malo omwe amatanthauzidwa ndi orbital ya Earth chipitilizo cha Liyuwa. Liyuwa ili pakati, ndipo pulaneti iliyonse ili mu malo omwe anali ndi chidziwitsochi kuwerengeka kuchokera kwa zomwe zinalembedwa ndi NASA JPL.
Malo a mapulaneti amawerengetsa kugwiritsira ntchito Keplerian orbital elements za JPL zomwe zili ndi chidziwitsochi kwa 1800–2050 AD. Kwa mapulaneti aliwonse, parameters atatu a orbital amawerengetsa pa tsiku lomwe lili lero, ndipo equation ya Kepler imasoledwa mwa Newton-Raphson iteration kuti pozindikire malo eniyeni a ecliptic. Malo a Mwezi amagwiritsira ntchito algorithm ya truncated lunar theory yomwe inachokera kwa Meeus' Astronomical Algorithms. Malo onse ali ndi kulondeza mpaka degree imodzi.
Mayesi amawerengedwa mu Astronomical Units (AU) — one AU ndi mayesi omwe akuchitika a Earth–Sun, pamwamba pa kilomita 149.6 miliyoni. Mapu amagwiritsira ntchito scale yomwe ikuphikisana: linear pakati pa 2 AU ndipo logarithmic kuposa, kuti mapulaneti omwe ali ndi nthaka ndi omwe ali pakalekale ayowoneka kuti apakati nthawi imodzi.
Gwiritsa ntchito zomwe zongonkhoskedwe za nthawi kuti muonani malo a mapulaneti akuyankhula. Pa '1d/s' chibuzi, tsiku limodzi lokonzeketsedwe limapita pa sekondi imodzi — Mercury imamaliza orbital mu maminiti 88 pamwamba, Earth mu maminiti 6 pamwamba. Lokatsani mpaka '30d/s' kuti muone mapulaneti onse akusamukasamuka, ndi omwe ali pakalekale.
Onani magawo a mwezi a lero pa Moon Phase Calendar. Tekarani Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) — standard ya nthawi yomwe yadundulidwa kwa Mwezi.
Mayesi a Mapulaneti Anomu Ndi Zomwe Zili Ndi Orbital Data
| Pulaneti | Mayesi kuchokera kwa Liyuwa | Mayesi kuchokera kwa Earth | Nthawi ya Orbital | Chibuzi cha Orbital |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury | 0.47 AU | 0.89 AU (133,431,742 km) | 88 masiku | 47.4 km/s |
| Venus | 0.72 AU | 1.56 AU (232,823,131 km) | 225 masiku | 35.0 km/s |
| Earth | 1.00 AU | — | 365.25 masiku | 29.8 km/s |
| Mars | 1.38 AU | 2.29 AU (342,526,891 km) | 687 masiku | 24.1 km/s |
| Jupiter | 5.24 AU | 5.12 AU (766,426,692 km) | 11.9 zaka | 13.1 km/s |
| Saturn | 9.49 AU | 10.48 AU (1,567,043,028 km) | 29.5 zaka | 9.7 km/s |
| Uranus | 19.48 AU | 20.20 AU (3,021,428,969 km) | 84.0 zaka | 6.8 km/s |
| Neptune | 29.88 AU | 30.86 AU (4,616,145,727 km) | 164.8 zaka | 5.4 km/s |