Ku Mata 1, 2026, Sistemu y'ikinira (SLS) ya NASA izahara i Kennedy Space Center ifite abagabo bane mu nzira itakunda n'undi munyanya gukoze mu mahoro makera. Artemis 2 ni ikinira cyambere cyifite abantu inyuma y'Apollo 17 mu Nzeri 1972. Mu gitondo gikaranga, ikiremba uzahora hejuru k'Umwezi kandi ugaruka i Isi — kandi buri gihe, isaa zabo zizahimbazira neza atari nk'izo tukoreshamo ku Isi.
Ikiremba Kigira Amakuru
Ikiremba ka Artemis 2 kitanga icyambere cy'ibyiciro byabaye mu gihe cya Apollo. Ubwigize Reid Wiseman, umusenyeri w'iyipikiro y'Inyambari n'umuntu watari kure mu ISS, yibwira inzira y'uyu murimo. Umuhanga Victor Glover, watari ariye SpaceX Crew-1, azaba umuntu wambere w'ibara rikiri hejuru y'umurongo wa Isi.
Umuhanga w'umurimo Christina Koch ari umuntu watari kare nka mugore — 328 y'iminsi mu mahoro mu ISS mu 2019-2020. Azaba umugore wambere kugira ikinira kuri Mwezi. Umuhanga Kanada Jeremy Hansen, umuntu watari ariye jenu cya CF-18, azicuza ikiremba nk'umuntu wambere Kanada n'umuntu wambere w'ubwigezi kuri Isi.
Inzira y'umurimo
Artemis 2 irangira nzira y'ubwibabiro — inzira yifatanye ubugabo bw'Isi n'Umwezi kugirango indege igaruke ku mahoro. Umurimo urangira mu bice:
Indege ya SLS iharuka Orion mu muringo munini wa Isi. Nyuma y'igihimba ry'ibisohoka, ibisohoka bya Orion biharuka kugirango itwara ikiremba mu nzira inani za gitondo hejuru y'Umwezi. Indege izahora atari kuri kilomita 10.400 (mitike 6.500) hejuru y'Umwezi mbere yo kugaruka ku Isi. Igihe cyose cy'umurimo ni gitondo gikaranga, kwibuza mu mahoro ya Pasifiki.
Mu gihe cy'ikinira, ikiremba kigira ibisohoka by'ubuzima bwa Orion — ibyobagira ubwakira, ibisohoka by'agatsiko, ibisohoka by'iyiyubu, n'ibyishingiro cy'ihungabana — ibyo byose bigomba kurangira neza mbere yo NASA itande abantu hejuru y'Umwezi mu nzira izava.
Igihe Gikuta mu Bigize
Hano umurimo wahuje ninyama yose y'isi. Ubwite Artemis 2 bugwire mu ishamba ry'ibyo biri hejuru y'Umwezi, bazaba hare kuri kugari k'Isi. Itegeko rya Einstein ry'ubwibabiro rititwamwo ko igihe kirangira vite mu ishamba ry'ubugabo buramye — kandi ubugabo bwa Mwezi ni igice cy'ubugabo bwa Isi.
Ibi ari ibyambere by'ibyo Igihe Gishyirwaho hejuru y'Umwezi (LTC) gishyirwaho. Isaa z'Umwezi ziranga igihe 56.02 microsekonde intera y'umunsi w'Isi icika na isaa za Isi. Mu gitondo gikaranga cya Artemis 2, isaa z'ikiremba zizongera igihe cyambere atari inzira y'isaa z'Isi.
Abagabo ba Apollo basobanuye ubwibabiro bwa gihe, ariko ntibari na impamvu yo kubisumanura. Kuri Artemis, ubwigezi bwa gihe ni inzira. Inzira izava bizihitire isaa z'ubwigezi kuva mu nzira, iyiyubu ndarangiza, kandi mu mahoro akubita Mwezi. Artemis 2 ni inzira yambere cyifite abantu yerekeza ku mahanga ako.
Kuva Artemis 1 kugera Artemis 2
Artemis 1 yatandukanywe mu Ghigugu 2022 nk'umurimo udahaye umuntu, itwara Orion mu nzira inani n'igice y'umunsi hejuru k'Umwezi. Umurimo wakemereza indege ya SLS n'imikwano y'ubwishi bwa Orion — imikwano yagomba gusigara izara z'ijoro nka 5.000 mu gihe cyo kugaruka mu mahoro, ubwiyunge bwigeze 25.000 mph.
Ingeniyeri barebye ubwishi bwa Artemis 1 kandi bavuze ko icyumba kimwe cyabisigaye. Ubwigize NASA ntabwo yarashyire icyumba cyambere, ariko yashyire mu karamu nshya yo kugaruka kuri Artemis 2, icyumba cyaharuka ku nzira isigiye igukomeza neza mu ishyamba ry'umwoto. Igihimba cy'amaganda ryakemereza inzira izigufatanye n'ubugabo na thermike.
Artemis 2 ni mpotshya atari nk'Artemis 1 — gitonde gikaranga atari 25 — kuko inzira yayo ni kukamereza ibisohoka byose birimo abantu. Ikiremba kizigufata ubwite bw'icumbana n'ibisohoka nyuma y'inyambari, ubwigezi bubuzwa kugirango bashonje na Lunar Gateway mu nzira izava.
Ibyo Bizava
Buri nzira ya Artemis izigufung aho abantu bazahora ku Mwezi:
Artemis 3, ikira mu gihe cy'2027, izigufata ubwite bw'icumbana n'ibisohoka mu muringo munini wa Isi hamwe n'ibisohoka byaguteguye gahunda — SpaceX Starship Human Landing System n'ibisohoka bya Blue Origin. Ikiremba kizigufata na Axiom spacesuit nyambari ikoreshwa hejuru y'Umwezi.
Artemis 4, ikiremba mu 2028 cyangwa nyuma, izatanga abantu kugira ikinira hejuru y'Umwezi hejuru y'ikigeri kiryoshyiramo. Ubwite, ubwigezi bw'igihe gishyirwaho hejuru y'Umwezi bizava ikintu cyambere — abantu bari hejuru, ibisohoka mu mahoro, n'abantu ba Isi barahitire isaa imwe yubwigezi itegeka ubwibabiro.
Gitekura umurimo mu gihe cy'Umwezi
Ubwite Artemis 2 bufurata hejuru y'Umwezi, wahura n'isaa ya gihe gishyirwaho hejuru y'Umwezi (LTC) ahano. Isaa irangira 56.02 microsekonde intera y'umunsi — ubwibabiro buwo ubwite uzahura neza ubwite Artemis 2 bugwire hejuru y'Umwezi, inyuma y'abantu makera.