Ubwirakabiri bw'Ukwezi ntibugira isura imwe buri gihe. Rimwe na rimwe, Ukwezi gusa kurijima ho gato; ubundi, agace kijimye kagenda karyaho igice cyako; hari n'igihe disiki yose y'Ukwezi ihinduka umutuku wijimye. Iri tandukaniro riterwa n'uburyo Ukwezi kunyura mu gicucu cy'Isi. Amazina atatu—ubwirakabiri bwo muri penumbra, ubw'igice n'ubusesuye—agaragaza ingano y'igice cy'Ukwezi kinjira mu gace kijimye kurusha utundi twose k'igicucu, kitwa umbra. Kumenya uko ibererekana bigenda bituma byoroha kumenya ibiri kuba, cyane cyane iyo impinduka itagaragara cyane. Ku matariki y'ubwirakabiri, amasaha y'ibyiciro, igihe bumara n'aho bushobora kugaragara, reba urutonde ruhoraho rw'ubwirakabiri bw'Ukwezi.
Isi itanga ubwoko bubiri bw'igicucu
Izuba ni isoko y'urumuri rifite ubuso, si akantu kamwe gusa. Ni yo mpamvu Isi itanga agace ko hagati aho urumuri rw'izuba rutageramo, n'akandi ko hanze aho igice cy'izuba gusa kiba gihishwe. Igicucu cyo hagati ni umbra; igicucu cyo hanze cyoroheje kurushaho ni penumbra. Itandukaniro rishingiye ku miterere y'ibibererekana: iyo umuntu ari ku Kwezi ari muri penumbra, aba ashobora kubona igice cy'Izuba, mu gihe muri umbra Isi iba yaripfutse burundu.
Ubwirakabiri bw'Ukwezi bushobora kuba gusa igihe cy'ukwezi kuzuye, ubwo Isi iba iri hagati y'Izuba n'Ukwezi. Ariko ukwezi kwinshi kuzuye kunyura hejuru cyangwa munsi y'igicucu cy'Isi, kuko inzira y'Ukwezi izengurukamo Isi iteye inguni ya 5.14 degrees ugereranyije na ecliptiki, ari rwo rwego rw'inzira y'Isi izengurukamo Izuba. Ubwirakabiri buba iyo ukwezi kuzuye kubaye hafi y'aho izo nziga zambukirana. Imfashanyigisho ku byiciro by'Ukwezi isobanura impamvu icyiciro cy'Ukwezi giterwa n'aho kari ugereranyije n'Izuba n'Isi; ubwoko bw'ubwirakabiri bwo buterwa n'inzira Ukwezi kunyuramo mu gicucu cy'Isi.
Ubwirakabiri bwo muri penumbra: igicucu kigari ariko kitagaragara cyane
Mu bwirakabiri bwo muri penumbra, Ukwezi kunyura muri penumbra y'Isi ariko ntikugere muri umbra. Nta mbibi yijimye igaragara neza inyura kuri disiki y'Ukwezi. Ahubwo, igice cy'Ukwezi cyangwa kakose kaba kakira urumuri rw'izuba rutaziguye ruke, kakagaragara nk'ahantu hafite igicucu cyoroheje, akenshi ku ruhande rwegereye umbra. Iri hinduka rishobora kutagaragara, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro cyangwa ku iherezo ry'ubwirakabiri, igihe agace gato gusa k'Ukwezi kaba kari muri penumbra.
Ni yo mpamvu ubwirakabiri bwo muri penumbra bushobora kuba ari ukwiyegeranya kw'ibintu kw'ukuri kandi gupimika, ariko ntibugaragare mu buryo butangaje umuntu arebye n'amaso gusa. Bushobora kugaragara cyane ku ifoto kurusha iyo urebye akanya gato, ariko imikorere ya kamera ihita ihindura urumuri ishobora kwishyura iryo jima, bigatuma bigorana kugereranya amafoto. Nufotora, komeza uko ufata ifoto n'igenamiterere ry'urumuri uko biri, maze ubigereranye n'ifoto yafashwe mbere cyangwa nyuma y'ubwirakabiri. Ubwirakabiri bwo muri penumbra si Ukwezi kunyura mu gicu cyangwa guhindura urumuri rwako; ni igabanuka ry'urumuri ryiyongera buhoro buhoro, riterwa n'uko Isi ibuza Izuba kugera ku Kwezi igice.
Urugero, ubwirakabiri bwo muri penumbra bwo ku wa 20 February 2027 bwanditswe ko bumara iminota 241 muri penumbra. Icyo gihe kirekire ntigisobanura ko Ukwezi rizagaragara ko ryijimye cyane mu gihe cy'amasaha ane: igicucu gihinduka buhoro buhoro, kandi igicucu gikomeye kurusha ibindi muri penumbra gishobora kugaragara kurusha igicucu cyoroheje cyo ku nkengero zayo. Kalendari yo muri February 2027 itanga amasaha nyayo y'ibyiciro by'Ukwezi muri uko kwezi, naho urutonde rw'ubwirakabiri rugatanga ibisobanuro by'ibyabaye.
Ubwirakabiri bw'igice: igicucu kijimye kigenda gitwikira Ukwezi
Ubwirakabiri bw'Ukwezi bw'igice buba iyo igice cy'Ukwezi kinjiye muri umbra, ikindi gisigaye hanze yayo. Ikimenyetso kibigaragaza neza ni agace kijimye kandi gafite ishusho y'umurongo ugoramye, kagenda kagera ku buso bw'Ukwezi. Imbibi za umbra ziragoramye kubera ko Isi ari umuzenguruko; ubwirakabiri bw'Ukwezi bwafashije abantu kumenya iyo shusho kera cyane mbere y'uko ibyogajuru bifotora Isi biri mu isanzure.
Igicucu si ikintu gifatika giteretse ku Kwezi, kandi imbibi zacyo ntizikarishye neza. Urumuri rw'izuba runyura mu kirere cy'Isi rutuma izo mbibi zoroha. Nubwo bimeze bityo, itandukaniro riri hagati y'igice kimurika kiri hanze ya umbra n'igice kijimye kiri imbere muri yo risanzwe rigaragara cyane kurusha igicucu cy'ubwirakabiri bwo muri penumbra. Ukwezi ntikubura mu bwirakabiri bw'igice, kandi igice gisigaye hanze ya umbra gikomeza kumurikirwa n'urumuri rw'izuba rutaziguye.
Ingano y'Ukwezi itwikiriwe n'igicucu iratandukana bitewe n'inzira ubwirakabiri bunyuramo. Iyo kinjiye buhoro muri umbra, hasigara akantu gato gusa kijimye; iyo kinjiye kure, gishobora gutwikira hafi disiki yose ariko ntikayitwikire yose. Ibyiciro by'ubwirakabiri bishingira ku mwanya Ukwezi kurimo mu gicucu, si ku kuba umuntu ashobora kububona cyangwa kutabubona. Ubutambike bw'aho uri, amanywa, ikirere n'umwanya Ukwezi kurimo mu kirere byose bigira ingaruka ku kuboneka kwabwo. Urubuga rw'umujyi nka urupapuro rw'Ukwezi rwa London rugaragaza igihe Ukwezi kurasira n'igihe rirengera, ubutumburuke, azimuti n'iteganyagihe, bikaba byafasha gutegura ibyo kurebera mu kirere muri rusange.
Ubwirakabiri busesuye: Ukwezi kwinjira muri umbra ryose
Mu bwirakabiri bw'Ukwezi busesuye, disiki yose y'Ukwezi inyura imbere muri umbra y'Isi. Ukwezi gukomeza kugaragara kubera ko ikirere cy'Isi kigoramisha urumuri rw'izuba runaka rukagera muri icyo gicucu. Uko urumuri runyura mu kirere, imirasire y'ubururu ifite uburebure bw'umuraba bugufi itatanwa cyane kurusha iy'umutuku. Ni yo mpamvu urumuri rusigara rugera ku Kwezi akenshi ruba rutukura cyangwa rumeze nk'icunga, maze ubuso bw'Ukwezi bukarusubiza ku barebera ku Isi.
Imvugo ikunzwe ngo “ukwezi kw'amaraso” yerekeza kuri iri bara ritukura rishobora kugaragara, si icyiciro cyihariye cy'ubwirakabiri cyangwa ibara ritagomba kubura. Ubwirakabiri busesuye bushobora kugaragara nk'ibara ry'umuringa, umutuku w'itafari, ikigina kijimye cyangwa se bukaba bwijimye cyane. Ibara n'ubukana bw'urumuri biterwa igice n'ingano y'urumuri rw'izuba rucishwa mu kirere cy'Isi; igihu, ibicu n'uduce two mu kirere bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rumuri rushobora kukinyuramo. Ubwirakabiri busesuye ntibusobanura ko Ukwezi kuzimira, nubwo gashobora kugorana kukubona iyo igicucu kijimye cyane cyangwa ikirere kirimo urumuri rwinshi.
Igihe ubwirakabiri bumara busesuye ni igihe Ukwezi kose kuba kuri muri umbra. Mbere yacyo na nyuma yacyo, ubwirakabiri busesuye bugira ibyiciro by'ubwirakabiri bw'igice, uko disiki y'Ukwezi yinjira mu gicucu kijimye kurusha ibindi ikanagisohokamo. Nk'urugero rufite itariki, ubwirakabiri bw'Ukwezi busesuye bwo ku wa 31 December 2028 bwanditswe ko igihe bumaramo busesuye ari iminota 71.3. Urukurikirane rwose rw'ubwirakabiri rumara igihe kirenze icyo gice cyo hagati, bityo n'ababasha kubona igice gusa cy'ubwirakabiri bashobora kubona icyiciro cy'ubwirakabiri bw'igice.
Ibyo wakurikiranira igihe ureba
Kureba ubwirakabiri bw'Ukwezi n'amaso gusa nta kibazo biteje; butandukanye n'ubwirakabiri bw'Izuba, ntibukeneye indorerwamo zirinda amaso. Indorerwamo zo kureba kure zishobora gutuma byoroha gusuzuma uko igicucu gihinduka, ariko si ngombwa. Shaka ahantu ufite aho Ukwezi kurabukira neza, maze urebe niba rizaba riri hejuru y'ubutambike bw'aho uri mu gihe cy'ubwirakabiri. Urutonde rw'ubwirakabiri rutanga amakuru y'aho bushobora kubonwa, naho kalendari y'ibyiciro by'Ukwezi ishobora kugufasha kugenzura amasaha y'ibyiciro mu kwezi wahisemo.
Mu bwirakabiri bwo muri penumbra, shakisha igicucu kigenda cyiyongera buhoro kandi kitangana hose, aho gutegereza imbibi zigaragara neza. Mu bwirakabiri bw'igice, reba uko imbibi z'umbral zigoramye zigenda zambukiranya disiki. Mu gihe cy'ubwirakabiri busesuye, ha amaso yawe igihe cyo kumenyera umwijima, kandi witegereze ko Ukwezi gashobora gukomeza kugira ibara n'ibisobanuro by'ubuso aho kuba umukara umwe gusa. Iri tandukaniro rigaragara neza iyo ukurikiranira uko ibyiciro bikurikirana aho kureba mu kirere rimwe gusa: uko igicucu kigenda buhoro ni byo bigaragaza niba ubwirakabiri ari ubwa penumbra, ubw'igice cyangwa ubusesuye.