Niba ututse insano 2 z'igihe zy'atomic — imwe ku burundi n'imwe pa mukaaga — n'unyambire umunsi umuntu munshi wa burundi, insano y'iny mukaaga izakura umunsi ~56.02 microseconds. Umu ntabwo ari ikibazo cyinsano. Umu nimbwa y'ibiciranya bikurikiranye, yadutshije Albert Einstein general theory relativity imyaka mibiriti itanu ivugire.
Ubwiyunge bw'ubwenge bwa Gravitational
General relativity ya Einstein, yambajwe 1915, kunizira ubwenge ntakibiciranya nubwo ubwiyunge bw'ubwenge. Ibintu bigira ubwenge, byoreza ubwenge bivuze ubwiyunge. Ubwiyunge bwacu bivutsa igihe cyakugira.
Akadi kumpinya: ubwenge bwagira bute, nkuwi igihe cyakugira. Iyo ntegekara bivutsa ubwiyunge bw'ubwenge bwa gravitational. Ubwenge bwa burundi haba 9.8 m/s², inasubira mukaaga ubwenge ~1.62 m/s² — gutuzuza isheshatu. Kubera ko ubwenge bwa mukaaga bwagira bute, ubwiyunge bwacu bwagira bute, n'insano z'igihe zitereza.
Nimero 56 Microsecond
Ubuhanga bw'insano z'igihe pa mukaaga zitereza bivuye imyaka y'ubwiyunge pakati py'inya n'iny mukaaga, n'impande zitazira kugira orbital velocity n'Earth rotation.
Gravitational blueshift — insano z'igihe zitereza bivuye ubwenge bwagira bute — bivutsa ~58.7 microseconds buri munsi. Nubwo, orbital velocity y'iny mukaaga (~1.022 km/s) bivutsa time dilation y'ikibazo kiri imwe (velocity-dependent effect bivuye special relativity), ihinduza kulosera ~2.7 microseconds buri munsi. Impande yose ni ~56.02 microseconds buri munsi.
Nimero riyo ryavuguruzanya NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory n'National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Umu sibintu by'ubwiyunge — Umu ubwiyunge
Gravitational time dilation ni imwe mubigihanga byose bigusuguriwe neza mu physics. GPS satellites, zitereza ~20,200 km hejuru komwe ubwenge bwagira bute, ziyariye ~45 microseconds buri munsi ku burundi (gravitational time dilation). Niba wtategekereza kugira relativity, GPS imizire ingambe ~10 km buri munsi.
Ubu physics ikoreshwa pa mukaaga. Nubwo ntutakoresha insano z'igihe z'atomic pa mukaaga, ubwiyunge bubarira hakoreshwa equation neza. Gravitational time dilation formula itanga ubwiyunge bwakejwe neza kugeza imwe muri triyoni.
Se 56 Microseconds bivutsa
Ikintu cy'ivi sedutereza, 56 microseconds ntikuvuga. Nubwo, kugira nkizo sisitemu, ibigira bitera:
Gicira imwaka, insano y'igihe y'iny mukaaga ni ~1.7 milliseconds. Gicira imyaka, kuya kwako kurira kugeza ~20 milliseconds. Kuva J2000.0 epoch (Kanama 1, 2000), kuya kwa neza kumakira wiyariye hejuru ya 0.5 sekondi.
Kugira nkizo ubwiyunge, kuwala itera ~300 kilomita buri microsecond. 56-microsecond timing ikibazo rigaruka ~16 mita ubwiyunge bwa malo buri munsi. Kugira nkizo Artemis missions — zizira imizire itazira kwa mukaaga w'ubwenge — kuya kwako nta gukeneza.
Umu ubwiyunge trivutsa Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC): kumutekerezamwo izindi neza y'ubwiyunge n'kusimama sisitemu yose y'iny mukaaga.