Mhinduro pfupi inoenderana nenguva yakaitwa kuverenga uye nezvinonzi mwedzi wakasimbiswa. Mufananidzo unobatsira wenguva yakatarwa ndewerunyorwa rwa2023: rwakaverenga masathelaiti echisikigo 285 anozivikanwa ari kutenderera mapuraneti masere. Mazhinji acho aisava zvinhu zvidiki zvakaita seMwedzi wePasi. Anosiyana kubva kuzvinhu zvidiki, zvine zvimiro zvisina kurongeka kusvika kunyika huru kupfuura Mercury, zvine nzvimbo nemavambo akasiyana zvikuru. Sezvo nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzichiramba dzichiwana nekusimbisa mwedzi midiki, huwandu husina zuva rakatarwa hunogona kukurumidza kutsausa.
Huwandu hwa2023, pasi rimwe nerimwe
Mumufananidzo iwoyo wa2023, Mercury neVenus dzaive dzisina mwedzi inozivikanwa. Pasi raive nemwedzi mumwe, Mars yaive nemiviri, Jupiter yaive ne95, Saturn yaive ne146, Uranus yaive ne27 uye Neptune yaive ne14. Ukabatanidza nhamba idzi unowana 285. Mapuraneti makuru ndiwo ane inenge yose yacho: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus neNeptune aive nemwedzi inozivikanwa 282 pamwe chete, asi mapuraneti mana ari pedyo neZuva aive nemitatu.
Idzi inhamba dziri murunyorwa, hadzisi kutaura kuti nyika imwe neimwe ine nhamba yemwedzi yakatarwa uye isingachinji. Huwandu hunogona kuchinja kana zvichangobva kuonekwa zvikaburitsa zvinhu zvisina kujeka, kana kumwe kucherechedza kukazosimbisa nzira yazvinotenderera nayo, kana kuti mamiriro echinhu akaongororwazve. Rondedzero dzakasiyana dzinogonawo kuratidza mazuva akasiyana ekucheka kana mitemo yakasiyana yekusimbisa kuti chinhu mwedzi. Saka huwandu uhwu hunonzwisiswa zviri nani se“inozivikanwa uye yakaverengwa murunyorwa urwu rwenguva yakatarwa,” kwete nhamba yemwedzi yose iripo.
Kusiyana kwehuwandu uku kune tsananguro ine chekuita nemasikirwo. Mapuraneti makuru anorema zvikuru kupfuura Pasi uye anogona kuchengeta zvinhu zvakawanda zvichitenderera; nzvimbo dzawo dziri kure dzinewo mapoka emwedzi midiki. Mizhinji yacho haina chimiro chakatenderera uye inofamba munzira dziri kure kana kuti dzakarerekera. Huwandu hukuru hwemwedzi hahurevi kuti mwedzi mumwe nomumwe wakafanana neiwoyo wakajeka, wakatenderera unoonekwa uri paPasi.
Mwedzi mikuru inoshandura mwero wezvinhu
Mwedzi mikuru inyika pachayo. Ganymede yeJupiter ndiwo mwedzi mukurusa muhurongwa hwezuva, une dhayamita inosvika 5,268 kilometres. Dhayamita yawo yakakura kupfuura yeMercury, iyo inosvika 4,879 kilometres. Kuenzanisa uku kunoshamisa nokuti Mercury ipuraneti uye Ganymede isathelaiti; chinokosha pakukura muviri wacho pachawo, kwete zita rawo kana kuti chinhu chaunotenderera.
Titan yeSaturn iri pedyo nayo pakukura, iine upamhi hunosvika 5,150 kilometres. Ine mhepo yakawanda yakaitenderedza uye madziva nemakungwa emahydrocarbon ari pamusoro payo. Ganymede neTitan zvakakura kupfuura Mwedzi wePasi, une dhayamita inosvika 3,475 kilometres. Saka shamwari yePasi haisi pedyo nepamusoro-soro pachirongwa chehukuru, kunyange ichitonga denga redu reusiku uye yakapesvedzera makarenda, mafungu emvura uye kuongorora kwevanhu.
Hukuru hahutauri nyaya yose. Io yeJupiter idiki pane Mwedzi wePasi asi ine kuputika kwemakomo kwakanyanya. Europa, idikiwo, inyika ine chando ine pamusoro nemukati zvinoita kuti ive nyaya inokosha zvikuru yesainzi. Ganymede ine simba rayo remagineti. Misiyano iyi inoratidza kuti “mwedzi mikuru” inzvimbo yakanaka yokutangira, kwete runyorwa rwekukosha kwesainzi. Kuti uone zviri nyore kuti mwedzi nemapuraneti zvinowirirana sei muhurongwa hwakafara, mepu inodyidzana yehurongwa hwezuva yesaiti ino inoratidza nzvimbo dzemapuraneti panguva ino.
Jupiter neSaturn: hurongwa hwakazara nemwedzi
Mwedzi mina mikuru yeJupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede neCallisto—inowanzonzi mwedzi yeGalileo, vachipihwa zita raGalileo Galilei akavaona muna 1610. Yakakura zvakakwana kuti mumwe nomumwe uve nehunhu hwawo: nzvimbo ine makomo anoputika yeIo, chando cheEuropa, ukuru hweGanymede nenzvimbo ine makomba akawanda eCallisto zvinoratidza nhoroondo ina dzakasiyana zvikuru dzehurongwa humwe chete hwepuraneti. Ingori mishoma chete pahuwandu hukuru hwemasathelaiti eJupiter anozivikanwa.
Huwandu hweSaturn murunyorwa rwa2023 hwaive hwakatokura, asi kutungamira kwenhamba hakurevi kuti mwedzi yayo yose mikuru. Chikamu chikuru chehuwandu hwacho chine masathelaiti madiki, kusanganisira zvinhu zvine chekuita nemaringi nemapoka emwedzi. Saturn inewo Titan, nyika ine mukurumbira ine mhepo yakakora yakaitenderedza, uye Enceladus, mwedzi mudiki une chando unozivikanwa nekubudisa zvinhu munzvimbo yayo iri kumaodzanyemba. Kuverenga kunopa mwedzi mumwe nomumwe wakasimbiswa nzvimbo imwe chete murunyorwa; hakuratidzi ukuru hwawo, kushanda kwawo kana kukosha kwawo kusainzi.
Mwedzi iri kure uye shamwari yePasi iri pedyo
Uranus neNeptune zvinowedzera mwedzi yakawanda murunyorwa rwemapuraneti, kusanganisira mishoma mikuru nemasathelaiti akawanda madiki. Triton yeNeptune inozivikanwa nokutenderera kwayo ichienda kwakapesana nekutenderera kweNeptune. Nzira iyi isingawanzoitiki ndechimwe chezvikonzero zvinoita kuti nyanzvi dzesainzi dzifunge kuti Triton yakatorwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo, pane kuti yakaumbwa painotenderera iye zvino iri pamwe chete neNeptune. Mwedzi mikuru yeUranus midiki zvikuru pane Ganymede neTitan, asi inosanganisira mitumbi yechando nematombo ine misiyano yakasiyana.
Mwedzi wePasi hauna kunyanya kuwanda pakuverenga kwemapuraneti rimwe nerimwe, asi hukama hwawo nePasi hwakatanhamara zvikuru. Wakakura kana uchienzaniswa nepuraneti yaunotenderera, uye uri pedyo zvakakwana kuti uoneke neziso risina rubatsiro sechinhu chakajeka chine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoonekwa. Kuchinja kwezvikamu zvawo kunokonzerwa neZuva rinovhenekera zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehafu yeMwedzi yakatarisana nePasi. Gwaro rinotsanangura zvikamu zveMwedzi rinotsanangura maumbirwo iwayo; karenda yezvikamu zveMwedzi inopa nguva chaiyo yezvikamu pamwedzi nomwedzi.
Zvaunogona—nezvausingakwanisi—kuziva kubva pakuverenga mwedzi
Huwandu hwemwedzi yepuraneti hunoratidza mamiriro ekuona nekuisa muzvikamu sezvahunoita kurondedzera zviri munharaunda yayo. Mwedzi midiki iri kure yakaoma kuona kupfuura mikuru, uye chinhu chichangobva kuonekwa chinoda kucherechedzwa kakawanda kuti zvibude pachena kuti chine nzira yakagadzikana yachinotenderera nayo. Ndokusaka tafura inozivikanwa yehuwandu ichifanira kuva nezuva rayakanyorwa, uye nei runyorwa rutsva rungasiyana pasina kuti hurongwa hwemapuraneti hwakangoerekana hwachinja.
Pakuronga nguva yekucherechedza denga, huwandu hahuna basa rakawanda sekuona Mwedzi uri kwaunogara. Chikamu chawo, nguva yaunobuda nayo uye nzvimbo yawo zvinoenderana nezuva nenzvimbo; semuenzaniso, peji reruzivo rweMwedzi reNew York City rinopa chikamu nekuvhenekerwa kwawo pamwe nenguva yaunobuda nekuvira, kukwirira, kona yenzvimbo, chinhambwe uye maonero edenga ane mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo yacho. Huwandu hwehurongwa hwezuva hunopindura kuti mwedzi mingani yakanga yaverengwa murunyorwa rwenguva yakatarwa. Kutarisisa kumusoro kunotaura imwe nyaya: ndeupi uri pamusoro pechadenga chako manheru ano.