Kana usatakura anoomi atomic mimwe yembava — rimwe pasi surface uye rimwe pamberi mwedzi — uye uine tarire mushure megore rimwe rapasi, fereko pamberi mwedzi wava muhanya 56.02 microseconds. Iyi haisi kufa kwanoomi. Iyi ari sango reshava zvakare, imikirira neAlbert Einstein's general theory of relativity pamusoro pemakore mapana.
Kuratidza kweGravitational Time Dilation
Einstein's general relativity, yaibudiswa muna 1915, inoratidzira gravity kwete kuva force asi kuva curvature yepasizano. Zvema pipi sezvinhu pasi nemwedzi zvinopukuta inotevera panoparindi zvawo, uye iyi curvature inokosheshwa nzira yezvese zvanonoka.
Mdunhu wakasimba: zvakare gravitational field, zvisingadiki zvanonoka. Ichi chinhu chinodaidwa gravitational time dilation. Gravity yepasi surface iri ~9.8 m/s², a maganya pamberi mwedzi ari ~1.62 m/s² — kana akapote nekupate. Nekuda kwekuti mwedzi gravity iri nyoro, pasizano inosanyoro, uye fereko inozvara.
Nhamba ye56 Microsecond
Nhamba yekuti fereko inomhanya pamberi mwedzi inoshvumanidza pakufanana kogravitational pakati pepasi surface nemwedzi surface, ine zvizvezvake zvakakosa zveorbital velocity nemwedzi rotation.
Gravitational blueshift — fereko iri nyoro gravity inomhanya — inopa ~58.7 microseconds pazuva. Asi, orbit velocity yemwedzi (kana 1.022 km/s) inopa zviyero zvakakosa pavera (velocity-dependent acho kubva special relativity), ichiguta net gain nema 2.7 microseconds pazuva. Zvakamirisira inopinda +56.02 microseconds pazuva.
Iyi nhamba yaverengwa neNASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory neNational Institute of Standards and Technology.
Iyi Haisi Zvitenda — Inotsvagiswa
Gravitational time dilation iri rimwe remagariro akaisawo akarurama pafizikisi. GPS satellites, anozvitora kana 20,200 km altitude, pamusoro pano gravity nyoro, inomhanya 45 microseconds pazuva relative nepasi surface (gravitational time dilation). Kana usiziva mafakiti, GPS positions inogona kufara 10 km pazuva.
Fizikisi yomwe inogona kugara pamberi mwedzi. Izvo hazi inei atomic clocks hakuuswa pamberi mwedzi surface, acho inogona tsvagiswa kubva pana equations. Gravitational time dilation formula inokosheshwa makupikirira akatsama kune biliyoni.
Inguva Yei 56 Microseconds Inodai
Kune kunhuwira kushomeka, 56 microseconds haichina kufa. Piti nenavigation systems, inogona kugota zvakakoda:
Mushure megore rimwe, fereko pamberi mwedzi inomhanya 1.7 milliseconds. Mushure megore rimwe, offset inomhanya 20 milliseconds. Kubva J2000.0 epoch (Ianuari 1, 2000), pisa drift yava muhanya 0.5 sekonda.
Kunavigation, mwenje inotambudzika kana 300 mita pamasikero. 56-microsecond timing kufa inokosheshwa position uncertainty ye16 mita pazuva. Kune precision landings inodai naArtemis missions — chakuchekera specific sites pamberi mwedzi south pole — leveling lyenkondo irikushomekana.
Ndezvo Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) inokoshedza: kusanganidza time standard ine kufa masvomhu uye kuwedzera kuzvinhu zvepamberi mwedzi.