Mmuaeɛ tiawa no gyina bere a wɔyɛɛ akontabuo no ne nea wobu no sɛ ɔsram a wɔasi so dua no so. Afe 2023 akontabuo no yɛ mfatoho pa a ɛkyerɛ tebea a na ɛwɔ hɔ saa bere no: ɛkan kan abɔdeɛ mu asram 285 a na wonim sɛ ɛretwa planɛte 8 no ho hyia. Emu dodow no nyɛ Earth ɔsram no sɛso nketewa. Efi nneɛma nketewa a wɔn nsusuwii nyɛ pɛ so kosi wiase ahorow a wɔn kɛseɛ sen Mercury so, na wɔn ho yɛ soronko wɔ wɔn asase ne wɔn abakɔsɛm mu. Esiane sɛ nsoromma ho animdefo kɔ so hu asram nketewa na wosi so dua nti, akontabuo bi a enni da a wɔyɛɛ no betumi adaadaa ntɛm.
Afe 2023 akontabuo, planɛte biara ho
Wɔ afe 2023 akontabuo no mu no, na Mercury ne Venus nni ɔsram biara a wonim. Earth wɔ ɔsram baako, Mars wɔ abien, Jupiter wɔ 95, Saturn wɔ 146, Uranus wɔ 27 na Neptune wɔ 14. Sɛ yɛka saa dodow yi bom a, ɛyɛ 285. Planɛte akɛseɛ no na ɛyɛ dodow no mu ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nyinaa: na Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus ne Neptune bom wɔ asram 282 a wonim, bere a planɛte anan a ɛbɛn Owia no wɔ abiɛsa.
Eyinom yɛ akontabuo a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔahyehyɛ mu, na ɛnkyerɛ sɛ planɛte biara wɔ asram dodow a etwa to a ɛrensesa da. Akontabuo betumi asesa bere a nhwehwɛmu hu nneɛma a hann nni wɔn so pii, bere a nhwehwɛmu foforo si wɔn kyinhyia so dua, anaa bere a wɔsan hwɛ sɛnea wɔbu ade bi tebea no. Nneɛma ahorow a wɔahyehyɛ nso betumi de nna a wɔde twaa akontabuo no anaa gyinapɛn a wɔde bu ɔsram sɛ wɔasi so dua no adi dwuma. Enti ɛsɛ sɛ yɛte akontabuo no ase sɛ “nea na wonim na wɔkan faa saa nneɛma a wɔhyehyɛɛ wɔ saa bere pɔtee no mu,” na ɛnyɛ asram a ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa dodow.
Nsonsonoeɛ no wɔ nipadua mu nkyerɛaseɛ. Planɛte akɛseɛ no mu duru dɔɔso kɛse sen Earth deɛ, enti wotumi kura nneɛma pii ma ɛkyin wɔn ho; wɔn mmeaeɛ a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri nso wɔ asram nketewa pii. Emu dodow no ara nyɛ kurukuruwa pɛpɛɛpɛ, na wɔnam akwan a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri anaa akwan a akyinkyim so. Asram dodow no nkyerɛ sɛ ɔsram biara te sɛ nea ɛhyerɛn na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a yehu fi Earth so no.
Asram akɛseɛ no sesa sɛnea yɛte kɛseɛ ase
Asram akɛseɛ no yɛ wiase ankasa. Jupiter ɔsram Ganymede na ɛyɛ ɔsram a ɛsõ sen biara wɔ owia nhyehyɛe no mu; ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ bɛyɛ kilomita 5,268. Ne tɛtrɛtɛ sõ sen Mercury deɛ a ɛyɛ bɛyɛ kilomita 4,879 no. Saa ntotoho yi yɛ nwonwa efisɛ Mercury yɛ planɛte na Ganymede yɛ ɔsram; nea ɛkyerɛ kɛseɛ ne ɔsram no ankasa, na ɛnyɛ ne din anaa nea ɛretwa ho hyia.
Saturn ɔsram Titan di n’akyi pɛɛ, na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ bɛyɛ kilomita 5,150. Ɛwɔ wim a ɛkata so kɛseɛ, ne nsu a ɛyɛ hydrocarbon a ɛyɛ hyew wɔ ne nsã so. Ganymede ne Titan nyinaa sõ sen Earth ɔsram, a ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ bɛyɛ kilomita 3,475. Enti Earth ɔsram no mmɛn kɛseɛ ho akontabuo no atifi, ɛwom sɛ ɛno na ɛma yɛn anadwo wim yɛ hann na anya nkɛntɛnsoɔ wɔ kalenda, po mu nsu a ɛkɔ soro ne fam, ne nnipa akwantuo wɔ ahunmu so deɛ.\n\nKɛseɛ nko ara nkyerɛ biribiara. Jupiter ɔsram Io sua sen Earth ɔsram nanso ogya bepɔ so dwumadie a ɛkɔ so wɔ so no yɛ soronko. Europa nso sua, na ɛyɛ wiase a ɛso yɛ nwini; ne ani ne emu no ma ɛyɛ adeɛ a nyansahufoɔ ani gye ho paa. Ganymede wɔ n’ankasa magnetic field. Nsonsonoeɛ yi kyerɛ nea enti a “asram akɛseɛ” yɛ mfiase pa, nanso ɛnyɛ nyansahu mu hia ho akontabuo. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu sɛnea asram ne planɛte hyia wɔ nhyehyɛeɛ kɛseɛ no mu a, wubetumi ahwɛ owia nhyehyɛeɛ mfonini a wotumi ne no di nkitaho a ɛwɔ wɛbsaet no so; ɛkyerɛ planɛte no mprempren gyinabea.
Jupiter ne Saturn: nhyehyɛeɛ a ayɛ ma
Jupiter asram akɛseɛ anan—Io, Europa, Ganymede ne Callisto—na wɔtaa frɛ wɔn Galilean asram, esiane Galileo Galilei ahwɛeɛ a ɔyɛeɛ wɔ 1610 mu nti. Wɔn mu biara sõ sɛ ɔbɛnya ne su soronko: Io ogya bepɔ so asase, Europa nsukyeneeɛ, Ganymede kɛseɛ ne Callisto tokuru pii wɔ n’asase so no da nsɛm ahorow anan a ɛfa planɛte nhyehyɛeɛ koro no ara ho adi. Wɔn dodow yɛ Jupiter asram a wonim no mu kakraa bi pɛ.
Wɔ afe 2023 akontabuo no mu no, na Saturn asram dodow no sen saa deɛ, nanso akontabuo mu a odi kan no nkyerɛ sɛ ne asram nyinaa sõ. Dodow no fã kɛseɛ yɛ asram nketewa, a nneɛma a ɛbata ne nsonso ne asram akuakuo ho ka ho. Saturn wɔ Titan nso, wiase titire a wim kata so den, ne Enceladus, ɔsram nwini ketewa a wonim no sɛ nneɛma tu fi ne anafoɔ-pole mantam mu. Akontabuo bu ɔsram biara a wɔasi so dua sɛ ade baako; ɛnkyerɛ ne kɛseɛ, dwumadie anaa nyansahu mu hia.
Asram a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri ne Earth ɔsram a ɛbɛn yɛn
Uranus ne Neptune de asram pii ka planɛte ahorow no akontabuo ho, a emu bi yɛ akɛseɛ na pii nso yɛ nketewa. Neptune ɔsram Triton yɛ soronko efisɛ ɛretwa Neptune ho hyia wɔ ɔkwan a ɛne Neptune kyinhyia kɔ no bɔ abira so. Saa kwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi yɛ nea enti a nyansahufoɔ susuw sɛ ebia wɔkyeree Triton, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛne Neptune na ɛbɔɔ wɔ ne kyinhyia a ɛwɔ mu mprempren no mu. Uranus asram titire no nyinaa sua kɛseɛ sen Ganymede ne Titan, nanso emu bi yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwini ne aboɔ a ɛsono wɔn su.
Earth ɔsram no nni anim wɔ planɛte biara ho akontabuo mu, nanso abusuabɔ a ɛda ɔne Earth ntam no da nsow. Ɛsõ wɔ planɛte a ɛretwa ho hyia no ho, na ɛbɛn yɛn sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a aniwa nkutoo betumi ahu no sɛ adeɛ a ɛhyerɛn na ne ho nsɛm da adi. Ne fã horow a hann sesa wɔ so no fi sɛ Owia hyerɛn ɔsram fã a ɛkyerɛ Earth no mmeaeɛ ahorow. Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛfa ɔsram fã horow ho kyerɛ saa nhyehyɛeɛ yi; ɔsram fã horow kalenda ma wuhu bere pɔtee a ɔsram fã biara ba wɔ ɔsram biara mu.
Nea ɔsram dodow betumi—ne nea entumi—aka akyerɛ wo
Planɛte bi ɔsram dodow yɛ ahwɛeɛ ne nkyekyɛmu ho mfonini wɔ bere pɔtee bi mu, na ɛsan ka nea ɛwɔ ne ho hyia ho asɛm. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu asram nketewa a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri sen asram akɛseɛ, na sɛ wɔhu ade foforo a, ɛhia sɛ wɔyɛ ahwɛeɛ pii ansa na wɔasi so dua sɛ ɛnam kyinhyia a ɛyɛ den so. Ɛno nti na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde da bi ka akontabuo pon a obiara nim ho, na nea enti a akontabuo foforo betumi ayɛ soronko a ɛnkyerɛ sɛ planɛte nhyehyɛeɛ no ara sesa prɛko pɛ.
Sɛ woreyɛ ahwɛeɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a, akontabuo no nni mfasoɔ pii sɛ ɔsram no tebea a ɛwɔ baabi a wowɔ no. Ne fã, bere a ɛbɛpue ne ne gyinabea gyina da ne baabi a wowɔ so; sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, New York City ɔsram ho nkyerɛmu krataafa no kyerɛ ɔsram fã ne hann dodow, ne bere a ɔsram pue ne bere a ɛkɔtɔ, ne sorokɔ, azimuth, kwan a ɛda yɛn ntam ne wim mfonini a ɛka mpɔtam hɔ wim tebea ho. Owia nhyehyɛeɛ ho akontabuo kyerɛ asram dodow a na wɔakan wɔ nneɛma a wɔahyehyɛ bi mu wɔ bere pɔtee bi mu. Sɛ wohwɛ soro a, wubehu asɛm foforo: ɔsram bɛn na ɛda wo wim no so anadwo yi.