Ɔsram sum nyɛ ade koro a ɛte saa bere nyinaa. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɔsram no hann so tew kakra pɛ; ɛtɔ da nso a, sunsuma tuntum bi te sɛ nea ɛreka ɔsram no anim fã bi; na ɛtɔ da nso a, ɔsram no kurukuruwa nyinaa dan kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛnyɛ hyew. Nsonsonoe no gyina sɛnea ɔsram no fa Asase sunsuma mu no so. Edin abiɛsa no—penumbra mu, fã bi, ne nea edi mu—kyerɛ ɔsram no fã dodow a ɛkɔ sunsuma no fã tuntum paa a wɔfrɛ no umbra no mu. Sɛ wunim sɛnea nneɛma no gyina faako a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubehu nea ɛrekɔ so, titiriw bere a nsakrae no yɛ ketewaa no. Sɛ wopɛ ɔsram sum nna, bere pɔtee a afã horow no fi ase ne ewie, ne bere tenten ne mmeae a wobetumi ahu no a, fa ɔsram sum ho nsɛm a wɔde bere yi mu yɛ foforo di dwuma.
Asase yɛ sunsuma ahorow abien
Owia yɛ kanea fibea a atrɛw, na ɛnyɛ hann ketewa biako. Enti Asase yɛ sunsuma a ɛwɔ mfimfini, baabi a Owia hann ntumi nkɔ, ne sunsuma foforo a ɛwɔ n’akyi, baabi a Owia no fã bi pɛ na wɔkata so. Sunsuma a ɛwɔ mfimfini no ne umbra; sunsuma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛwɔ akyi no ne penumbra. Nsonsonoe no gyina sɛnea nneɛma no gyina faako so: wɔ penumbra mu no, ɔhwɛfo bi a ɔwɔ ɔsram no so bɛda so ahu Owia no fã bi, nanso wɔ umbra mu no Asase kata Owia no so koraa.
Ɔsram sum betumi aba ɔsram duru pɛ mu, bere a Asase da Owia ne ɔsram ntam no. Nanso ɔsram duru dodow no ara fa Asase sunsuma no atifi anaa ase, efisɛ ɔsram no kyinhyia akwan no akyerɛkyerɛw 5.14 degrees wɔ ecliptic no ho, a ɛyɛ Asase kyinhyia akwan a ɛfa Owia ho no baabi. Ɔsram sum ba bere a ɔsram duru ba bere a ɔsram no refa baabi a kyinhyia akwan abien no twam no ho. Ɔsram tebea ahorow ho akwankyerɛ no kyerɛ nea enti a ɔsram no tebea gyina ne gyinabea wɔ Owia ne Asase ho so; ɔsram sum no su nso gyina ɔkwan a ɔsram no fa wɔ Asase sunsuma mu no so.
Penumbra mu: ne hann so tew kakra na ɛtrɛw
Penumbra mu ɔsram sum mu no, ɔsram no fa Asase penumbra mu nanso ɛnka umbra no. Sunsuma tuntum bi a ɛwɔ ano a ɛda adi pefee ntwam ɔsram no kurukuruwa no so. Mmom no, ɔsram no fã bi anaa ne nyinaa nnya Owia hann tẽẽ pii na ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea sunsuma ketewaa bi adɔw so, mpɛn pii no wɔ ɔsram no fã a ɛbɛn umbra no. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ obi renhu nsakrae no, titiriw wɔ bere a ade no afi ase anaa ɛreyɛ awie no, bere a ɔsram no fã ketewaa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ penumbra mu no.
Eyi nti na penumbra mu ɔsram sum betumi ayɛ ade a ɛkɔ so ankasa na wobetumi asusuw ho, nanso ɛnyɛ biribi a aniwa a enni adwinnade hu no sɛ ade kɛse. Ebia mfoninitwa mfiri bɛkyerɛ no yiye asen sɛ wobɛhwɛ no ntɛm ara, nanso mfiri no hann-siesie a ɛyɛ no ankasa betumi asiesie hann so a ɛtew no na ama ayɛ den sɛ wɔde mfonini ahorow no bɛtoto ho. Sɛ wotwa mfonini a, ma mfonini no kyerɛ ade no wɔ beae koro, na fa hann-siesie nhyehyɛe koro di dwuma; afei fa mfonini bi a wotwaa ansa na ɔsram sum no reba anaa n’akyi toto ho. Penumbra mu ɔsram sum nyɛ sɛ ɔsram no retwam wɔ omununkum mu anaa ne hann resesa ankasa; ɛyɛ Owia hann a ɛtew nkakrankakra efisɛ Asase kata Owia no fã bi so fi ɔsram no anim.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔakyerɛw sɛ penumbra mu ɔsram sum a ɛbɛba 20 Ɔpɛpɔn 2027 no, penumbra mu bere no bɛyɛ simma 241. Saa bere tenten no nkyerɛ sɛ ɔsram no bɛyɛ tuntum pefee nnɔnhwerew anan; sunsuma no sesa nkakrankakra, na ebia wobehu penumbra no fã a emu dɔ sen ne ano a hann kakra bi pɛ na ɛtew wɔ hɔ no yiye. Ɔpɛpɔn 2027 kalenda a wɔde bere yi mu yɛ foforo no ma ɔsram no tebea bere pɔtee a ɛwɔ saa ɔsram no mu, na ɔsram sum ho nsɛm no ma ade no ho nsɛm.
Fã bi: sunsuma tuntum no trɛw fa ɔsram no so
Ɔsram sum a ɛfa ɔsram no fã bi ba bere a ɔsram no fã bi kɔ Asase umbra mu, na ne fã a aka no da akyi. Ade a wubehu no pefee ne ɔsram no anim fã bi a ayɛ tuntum yiye na ɛte sɛ kurukuruwa, na ɛretrɛw fa ɔsram no anim. Umbra ano no yɛ kurukuruwa efisɛ Asase yɛ kurukuruwa; ɔsram sum boaa ahwɛfo ma wohuu saa nsusuwii no, mfe pii ansa na ahunmu wimhyɛn atumi atwa Asase mfonini afi ahunmu.
Sunsuma no nyɛ ade a ɛyɛ den a wɔde ato ɔsram no so, na n’ano nso ntew pɛpɛɛpɛ. Owia hann a ɛfa Asase wim mu no ma ano no yɛ mmerɛw. Ɛmfa ho saa no, nsonsonoe a ɛda hann wɔ ɔsram no fã a ɛwɔ umbra akyi ne hann a ɛwɔ emu no ntam taa da adi kɛse sen penumbra mu ɔsram sum sunsuma no. Ɔsram no nyera wɔ ɔsram sum a ɛfa ne fã bi mu, na ɔsram no fã a ɛda umbra akyi no da so nya Owia hann tẽẽ.
Ɔsram no fã dodow a sunsuma kata so no gyina ɔkwan a ɔsram sum no fa so. Ɔkwan a ɛfa umbra no mu kakraa bi no gyaw ɔsram no ano fã bi a ɛyɛ tuntum; ɔkwan a ɛkɔ mu dɔ paa no betumi akata ɔsram no fã kɛse no ara so a ɛnkata ne nyinaa. Ɔsram sum no nkyekyɛmu gyina ɔsram no gyinabea wɔ sunsuma no mu so, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ebia ɔhwɛfo betumi ahu ade no anaa. Baabi a ɔsoro ne asase hyia no, awia hann, wim tebea, ne ɔsram no gyinabea wɔ wim nyinaa nya sɛnea yebehu no so nkɛntɛnso. Kurow bi ho nsɛm a wɔde bere yi mu yɛ foforo, te sɛ London ɔsram krataafa, kyerɛ mpɔtam hɔ ɔsram pue ne ɔsram kɔtɔ, ne ɔsram no sorokɔ, azimuth ne wim tebea, na ebetumi aboa wo ma woahyehyɛ wo wimhwɛ yiye.
Ɛdi mu: ɔsram no nyinaa kɔ umbra mu
Ɔsram sum a edi mu mu no, ɔsram no kurukuruwa nyinaa kɔ Asase umbra mu. Yebetumi ahu ɔsram no da so ara, efisɛ Asase wim hyɛ Owia hann no bi ma ɛkɔ sunsuma no mu. Bere a hann no retwam wɔ wim no, hann kɔkɔɔ ne bruu a ɛyɛ tuntum a ne wavelength tiaa no, ɛwɔ kɔkɔɔ ne borɔdɔma hann so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Enti hann a ɛka na ɛdu ɔsram no so no taa yɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa borɔdɔma, na ɔsram no aniwa fa hann no kɔ Asase so ahwɛfo nkyɛn.
Asɛmfua a nkurɔfo taa de di dwuma, “ɔsram mogya,” kyerɛ sɛnea ɔsram no betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ yi; ɛnyɛ ɔsram sum nkyekyɛmu soronko bi anaa kɔla pɔtee bi a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ saa. Ɔsram sum a edi mu betumi ayɛ te sɛ kɔbere, birikisi kɔkɔɔ, bruu tuntum a ɛnyɛ hyew anaa tuntum koraa. Kɔla ne hann dodow no fa gyina Owia hann dodow a ɛfa Asase wim mu no so; wim mu nsuusi, omununkum ne nneɛma nketenkete betumi aka hann a ɛfa mu no. Sɛ ɔsram sum no di mu a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ɔsram no bɛyera, nanso sɛ sunsuma no yɛ tuntum yiye anaa ɔsoro hann yɛ kɛse a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu no.
Bere a ɔsram no nyinaa wɔ umbra mu no na wɔfrɛ no totality. Ansa na totality reba ne bere a atwam no, ɔsram sum a edi mu no wɔ fã horow a ɔsram no kurukuruwa no kɔ sunsuma tuntum no mu na ɛsan fi mu. Sɛ yɛfa da pɔtee bi sɛ nhwɛso a, wɔakyerɛw sɛ ɔsram sum a edi mu a ɛbɛba 31 Ɔbɛnem 2028 no, totality bɛyɛ simma 71.3. Ɔsram sum no nhyehyɛe nyinaa kyɛ sen saa bere tiawa a ɛwɔ mfimfini no, enti ahwɛfo a wobetumi ahu ade no fã bi pɛ no da so betumi ahu ɔsram sum no fã bi.
Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ bere a worehwɛ no
Ɔsram sum a aniwa hu no yɛ nea ɛyɛ dwoodwoo; ɛnte sɛ Owia sum, enti enhia sɛ wode ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ hwɛ. Wubetumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri adi dwuma na ama sunsuma a ɛresesa no ada adi yiye, nanso ɛnyɛ ahyɛde. Hwehwɛ baabi a wubetumi ahu ɔsram no yiye na hwɛ sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ nea ɛwɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ ɔsoro ase bere a ade no rekɔ so. Ɔsram sum ho nsɛm no ma mmeae a wobetumi ahu no ho nsɛm, na ɔsram tebea kalenda no betumi aboa wo ma woahwɛ ɔsram no tebea bere wɔ ɔsram pɔtee bi mu.
Penumbra mu ɔsram sum mu no, hwehwɛ hann a ɛtew nkakrankakra na ɛnyɛ pɛ, na mmom nhwɛ kwan sɛ wubehu ano a ɛda adi pefee. Ɔsram sum a ɛfa ɔsram no fã bi mu no, hwɛ sɛnea umbra ano a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa no retwam fa ɔsram no kurukuruwa no so. Totality mu no, ma w’aniwa nnya bere nte ɔsum no ho na hyɛ no nsow sɛ ɔsram no betumi akura ne kɔla ne ne nsɛm nketenkete mu, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ tuntum pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛboa paa sɛ wohwɛ nea ɛrekɔ so nyinaa sen sɛ wobɛhwɛ wim pɛnkoro: sunsuma no nkakrankakra a ɛretwam no na ɛma wohu sɛ ɔsram sum no yɛ penumbra mu, fã bi anaa nea edi mu.