Se wɔde atom asɛm a ɛka kyɛ mmienu — baako wɔ asase so ne baako wɔ ɔboɔ no so — na wɔhwɛ asɛm biako a ɛaka asase asɛm biako, ɔboɔ asɛm bɛkaa ~56.02 microseconds. Eyi ɛntɛ asɛm no sɛ asɛm — eyi yɛ owia sɛm, a Einstein relativity abɔ pii no nak↔ afo ak↔ sɛm.
Aduri So Asɛm a Ɛkaa Kyɛ
Einstein relativity a ɔbuaa wɔ 1915 de aduri so ɛnnɛ f↔ ak↔k↔ — ɛyɛ spacetime a ɛkaa. Ade akɛse no, asase ne ɔboɔ, wɔka spacetime no k↔k↔, na eyi fa sɛnea asɛm k↔ no.
Fa a ɛhoɔ no yɛ: aduri so a ɛk↔ kyɛ, asɛm k↔ mfutuo. Eyi kyɛ aduri so asɛm a ɛkaa. Asase mubɔ yɛ ~9.8 m/s², ɔboɔ mubɔ yɛ ~1.62 m/s² — asane 1/6. Efi sɛnea ɔboɔ mubɔ yoo din, spacetime no din so, na asɛm k↔ bio.
56 Microsecond Nɔma
Asɛm a ɔboɔ asɛm k↔ bio no de aduri sɛm a ɛka asase ne ɔboɔ no asɛm, ne asɛm a ɛka ak↔ na owia gyini.
Aduri nohohuo — asɛm a ɛk↔ bio mu aduri a ɛyoo din — ma +58.7 microseconds wɔ nnɛ biako. Nanso ɔboɔ owia ak↔ asɛm (~1.022 km/s) de asɛm a ɛkaa a ɛka dan (special relativity), na ɛyoo asɛm a ɛkaa ~2.7 microseconds wɔ nnɛ biako. Ɛka nyinaa yɛ ~+56.02 microseconds wɔ nnɛ biako.
Asɛm yi aban akufo ne NIST de akakye asɛm abɔ.
Eyi Ɛntɛ Asɛm a wɔbisa — Ɛyɛ Asɛm a ɛka
Aduri so asɛm a ɛkaa yɛ nimdeɛ a ɛka sɛ deɛ wɔ asɛm nyinaa mu. GPS owia, na ɛk↔ ~20,200 km k↔ mu aduri a ɛyoo din, asɛm ~45 microseconds wɔ nnɛ biako dan asase so. Se wɔanni asɛm a ɛka yi, GPS asɛm bɛka ~10 km wɔ nnɛ biako.
Fa a ɛka yi ɔboɔ no so. Enso se yoo anni atom asɛm wɔ ɔboɔ no so ɛ, asɛm no de nimdeɛ a wɔbisa a ɛka sɛ deɛ wɔ asɛm nyinaa mu. Aduri so asɛm a ɛkaa asɛm yi ama asɛm a ɛka sɛ deɛ wɔ ɔpeɛ trillion mu.
Adɛn na 56 Microsecond Ho hia
Ma nnipa ak↔k↔ no, 56 microseconds yɛ asɛm a ɛbɛ hu. Nanso asɛm ak↔k↔ no ma ɛka so:
Wɔ oboanu mu asɛm, ɔboɔ asɛm bɛkaa ~1.7 milliseconds. Wɔ afe biako mu, asɛm a ɛka bɛdu ~20 milliseconds. Fi J2000.0 ɛfiri no fi, asɛm a ɛka no du 0.5 sekan de.
Nk↔mmo no mu, ɔhene k↔ ~300 mita wɔ microsecond biako. 56-microsecond asɛm a ɛka no = ~16 mita asɛm a ɛtumi wɔ nnɛ biako. Asɛm a Artemis hyɛɛ — ɔboɔ no ɡuase so — asɛm a ɛka yi ɛho hia se ɛbɛka.
Eyi na ɛsen Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) rɛyɛ: sɛ wɔbɛma asɛm a ɛka kyɛ na ɔboɔ no adwuma nyinaa akakye asɛm.