Nge-1 Epreli 2026, iSistema ye-Space Launch ye-NASA iya ekusukela ekuphumzela i-Kennedy eyilonke isazela abantu isihlanu kuhamba olunye olungazange abantu babambele kuminyaka elingaphezu kokuwisiqingatha. I-Artemis 2 ngumkhosi wanto wokuqala okugqibela emagutyeni abantu axubeneyo kamba 1972. Ngaphakathi kwemizali elingana ne-10 imihla, abantu bazongena emilangeni ilanga baphinde babuyele ekhaya — nama kuthiwa ngazamhlanje agongqatsi, iiwashi zabo zinganyanisa ngocwaningo owaka nasentla kwesibindi sethu Amanasi.
Igumbi Elenzile Umlando
Abantu be-Artemis 2 abamele ukushintsha okubalulekileyo ukusuka kumaxesha e-Apollo. Umkulu Reid Wiseman, umuntshanje we-Navy kunye nomuntu owasele eKhumulo le-ISS, unembeli umkhosi. Ingwiji Victor Glover, eyasele ivalela ekuqaleni kwakuSpaceX Crew-1, iya kuva yomuntu wokuqala onomuntu omhlope ukubaleka ngabaqali bentembeko.
Umsebenzi okunqoba Christina Koch unokugqibela irekhothi yokushintsha abantu esihlanu kwiimihla ezingaqhelwani — iminyaka ebalenqweni kwiiday ezingamashumi amathathuNamashumi asibhozo nokweshumi kusukela ngo-2019-2020 ekumelweni kweLinanga elindlu iyapilisi. Uya kuva yomuntu womuntu wokuqala umuntu ukubaleka kunye ne-Ixesha. Iingwiji zekanada zeKhemiyali Jeremy Hansen, eyasele ibe ngumuntu okhethiweyo oyisa-18 CF, iyazuza inqanula esisiqalo lomuntu wasikanada kunye nabo abaqawosolanga nomuntu wokuqala ukushiya isikhemesi sentembeko.
Umkhosi Womhlahlandlela
I-Artemis 2 iziphumelele kwi-indlela ephakamisa ixesha lenkumbi — indlela yekuhamba ukusebenzisa umazamane Amanasi kunye ne-Ixesha kubake umfunesi olunye ongenomdlalo walinda olunye. Umkhosi uvula ngendlela embalabala:
I-raketi ye-SLS iphakamisela i-Orion kumagutyeni ababhalikaphi abangenabobuntu. Emva kokubalulwa kwamaqinisiso, iinjini ze-Orion ziphofu ukuthumela abantu kuhambo lweentsuku ezine ukuya kweLanga. Indlela yomuntu iya kubaleka ngaphakathi kwemayile ewisishumi nelikhulu (10,400 ukilomitha) okusuka kusiqalo sesiqalo ngaphambi kokubuya nkulu esibindi sethu Amanasi. Ixesha eliphakamekayo lemkhosi lilinganayo nemihla elingana ne-10, iliphelo ngokungenyo kunye noLwandle eliFulangatshi.
Ngexesha lehamba, abantu basiza kumandla omncedisi wokuphila kwe-Orion ngaphandle kwe-intela yokuqala enebantu — amakontwoli okuziphakamisela, ukuLandela umuntu okwasizonwabise, izigezo zokuxhumana nomuntu umahlalakakambi oyimele kube neza kuze kuqibe uNASA athume abantu kufikela kumva ixesha leLanga kumkhosi omkhulu ombesha.
Ukomeleza oKuxesha Kusasasazeleka Ngexesha Lenibali
Nanku apho umkhosi uthetha kwinto ebalulekileyo malunga nompilo wethu. Njengoko i-Artemis 2 abantu abahamba kuphakathi kwesithuba kunye noMhlathi, bazakuba kude kumandla wokugquma kaEarth. Ithiyori kaEinstein yokulingana ithi ixesha lizenzela ngakumbi kumandla okugquma okuncinci — kwaye amandla okugquma karoon kunipakana kuphela umzekelo omntu kuEarth.
Luninzi lwale nto enziwe keCoordinated Lunar Time (LTC) elungiselele. Iioriboloji ezikufutshane noMhlathi zizenzela ngokumhanya intsimbi zingamabini nesisigqi so-56.02 ngosuku, xa zikuthelekiswa neeoriboloji zeEarth. Kumhla kaMvumela waArtemis 2, iioriboloji ezilingene kumvumela ziza kuqukqukela ixesha elincinane kodwa nenqanqalala.
Abantu be-Apollo benze into enye, kodwa babengabikho nenxelenye yokulinganisa okuthambile. Kwe-Artemis, ukunqanqalala kuxabiso elinkalakalo. Okuza kumhla okuza kumele ukumqolo ikhwere lokunxibelelana kwiindlela zokuya, okuphatha umxulumane, kwaye ngexesha elikusile ikhwere lokulokuhlobo lembali. I-Artemis 2 yento yokuqala eyentuthwane ethiya i-infrastructure ikhaya.
Kusukela ku-Artemis 1 kuya ku-Artemis 2
I-Artemis 1 ivele ngoNovemba 2022 njengokuhamba kwezazi esingebantu, ithwasa i-Orion kwikoshe elingama-25.5 ilanga emingeni ye-Ixesha. Umkhosi uyikufezekise iraki ye-SLS kunye nesikhanya seZindlu zokuzenza, ekusele kumelene nemilinganiselo elingane ne-5,000 amadeggrey eFahrenheit ngexesha lokubuya nkulu umhla ogqibela ekusele kwamaxesha elingama-25,000 enye enye — isinqeni sesinqeni esiphakameleyo kumuntu owayeqaliselwe ukubaleka.
Kuthiwa Ibeka Nomkhosi Wamani
Umsebenzi ngamnye we-Artemis wakha isiqalo sokuba abantu bahlale ngokuqinisekileyo kwiNyanga:
I-Artemis 3, eyenzelwe phakathi ko-2027, iza kuvavanya ukuhlangana nokusondeza kumjikelo ophantsi womhlaba kunye neelander zenyanga ezenziwe ngokwentengiselwano — iSistema ye-SpaceX Starship Human Landing System kunye ne-Blue Origin Blue Moon. Abasebenzi baza kuvavanya ne-spacesuit entsha ye-Axiom eyenzelwe ukusebenza phezu kwenyanga.
I-Artemis 4, ecwangciselwe u-2028 okanye kamva, kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngumsebenzi wokuqala wokuhlala abaweli kwi-south pole yeNyanga ixesha elingangonyaka omnye. Ngelo xesha, isidingo se-ziseko zexesha lenyanga elichanekileyo siya kuba sibalulekile — abasebenzi abasemhlabeni, izinto ezikwi-orbit, kunye nolawulo lomsebenzi kwiLizwe lonke badinga isalathiso sexesha esiqhelekileyo esithi sijongane nokuguquguquka kwe-relativistic.
Cinga Umkhosi Kwixesha Lenyanga
Njengoko i-Artemis 2 ijikajika iMhlathi, unokusisekela usebenzisa ilive Coordinated Lunar Time clock kule sayithi. Iioriboloji zisebenzisa i-+56.02 microseconds ngosuku ukulingana kumaUTC, ekrwesha ukusukela kwithebuleni yeJ2000.0 — luninzi lwokulingana kumsilikali kwale mikhosi yoArtemis 2 iza kuzenzela ngokuqinisekileyo njengokuba basikholelela kude kaEarth kunokubakholela mntu owayenziwe ngamaXoza amaXhosa.