Ukusitheka kunokuba nesinye isiganeko esizalana naso esiqelelene naso malunga neminyaka eli-18. Ezi ziganeko zibini zisenokuba nokungqinelana okufanayo, umgama ofanayo phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga, nendlela efanayo kwijiyometri yesithunzi soMhlaba okanye seNyanga. Olu lwalamano lubizwa ngokuba ngumjikelo weSaros, omnye wemizekelo eluncedo kakhulu kwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ebonisa indlela ipateni esebenza ngayo kuba izingqi ezininzi ezingafezekanga ziphantse zingqinelane.
ISaros ithatha malunga neminyaka eli-18, iintsuku ezili-11 neeyure ezisi-8. Asisosithembiso sokuba kuza kubakho ukusitheka okufanayo kanye phezu kwedolophu enye. Ezo yure zongezelelweyo zitshintsha ijiyometri ejongene noMhlaba, ngoxa umahluko omncinane uqokelelana ukusuka kwesinye isiganeko esiphindayo ukuya kwesilandelayo. Ukusitheka ngakunye kuyinxalenye yosapho oluguqukayo, kungekhona uthotho olungapheliyo lweziganeko ezifanayo.
Ikhathalogu yokusitheka kwenyanga inika iinkcukacha ngeziganeko ezizimeleyo, kuquka iintlobo zazo, amaxesha okuqalisa nokuphela kwamanqanaba, ubude nexesha ezibonakala ngalo kwindawo okuyo. ISaros ichaza unxibelelwano olunzulu phakathi kwezinye zezi ziganeko: isizathu sokuba uhlobo oluthile lokungqinelana luphinde lubuye emva kwamashumi eminyaka.
Kufuneka zingqinelane phantse iiwotshi ezintathu zeNyanga
INyanga ilandela imijikelo engaphezu komnye eluncedo. Umjikelo wayo wezigaba, okanye inyanga yesinodikhi, umyinge wayo ziintsuku ezingama-29.53059. Lo ngumlinganiselo wexesha elisusela kwinyanga entsha ukuya kwenye, okanye kwinyanga epheleleyo ukuya kwenye. Ukusitheka kwelanga kufuna inyanga entsha; ukusitheka kwenyanga kufuna inyanga epheleleyo. Ngoko ke, ukubuyela kwisigaba esifanelekileyo yimfuneko yokuqala ukuze ukusitheka kuphindaphindeke.
Iwotshi yesibini inxulumene nokuthambeka komjikelo weNyanga wokujikeleza uMhlaba. Inqwelo yayo ijikeleze ithekele ngo-5.14 degrees xa ithelekiswa ne-ecliptic, inqwelo uMhlaba ojikeleza kuyo iLanga. Ezi nqwelo zimbini zidibana kumgca, yaye iindawo apho iNyanga iwela khona kuloo nqwelo zibizwa ngokuba zii-node. Ukuze kubekho ukusitheka, iNyanga kufuneka ibe kufutshane ne-node, iphinde ibe kwisigaba esifanelekileyo. Ixesha elisuka ekudluleni kwenye i-node iye ekudluleni kuyo kwakhona libizwa ngokuba yinyanga yedrakonikhi, kwaye limalunga neentsuku ezingama-27.21.
Iwotshi yesithathu ilinganisa ixesha elithathwa yiNyanga ukubuyela kwi-perigee, eyona ndawo isondele eMhlabeni. Le nyanga ye-anomalistikhi ithatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-27.55. Umgama uchaphazela ubungakanani obubonakalayo beNyanga nesantya sayo kumjikelo wayo, ngoko ukuphindaphinda kwale wotshi kunceda ukuvelisa ukusitheka okuneempawu ezifanayo.
Ezi nyanga zahlukile kuba iindlela ezijonge ngakuzo ii-node ne-perigee zitshintsha kancinane ngokuhamba kwexesha. Inyanga enye eqhelekileyo ayinakuzilungelelanisa kwakhona zontathu iiwotshi.
Izibalo ezisemva kweminyaka eli-18
ISaros iyasebenza kuba iinyanga zesinodikhi ezingama-223 ziphantse zilingane neenyanga zedrakonikhi ezingama-242 neenyanga ze-anomalistikhi ezingama-239. Emva kwelo xesha, iNyanga ibuyela phantse kwisigaba esifanayo, phantse kwindawo efanayo ngokunxulumene ne-node, nakwindawo efanayo kumjikelo womgama wayo ukusuka kufutshane ukuya kude.
Ukusebenzisa umyinge wobude bomjikelo wezigaba kunika umzekelo oluncedo osebenzayo: 223 × 29.53059 days = 6,585.32157 days. Inxalenye yedesimali, engu-0.32157 yosuku, imalunga neeyure ezisi-7 nemizuzu engama-43. Yiyo le nto kuchazwa ngokufutshane kusithiwa, “iminyaka eli-18, iintsuku ezili-11 neeyure ezisi-8.” Inani leentsuku ezishiyekileyo kwikhalenda liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiintsuku zonyaka omnqakathi ezidlulayo; linokuba malunga neentsuku ezili-10 endaweni ye-11.
Oku kukusondela nje, akusiyo eyona mlinganiso ixhaphakileyo echanileyo. Ukungqinelana kwe-node nomgama akubuyeli kwimeko yokuqala ngokugqibeleleyo, yiyo loo nto ukusitheka kutshintsha njengoko usapho lwako lukhula. Amaxesha okwenene phakathi kwamaxesha ahambelanayo okusitheka nawo ayahluka kancinane, ngoko ukongeza nje umyinge wobude beSaros akuthathi indawo yokubala amaxesha okuqalisa nokuphela kwesiganeko.
Kukho nomnye umahluko obalulekileyo: ukubala kweenyanga ezingama-223 kudibanisa ukusitheka kwelanga nokunye ukusitheka kwelanga, okanye ukusitheka kwenyanga nokunye ukusitheka kwenyanga. Akuguquli ukusitheka okwenzeka kwinyanga entsha kube kukusitheka okwenzeka kwinyanga epheleleyo. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zineentsapho zazo zeSaros ezahlukileyo.
Kutheni ukusitheka okulandelayo kusisiya entshona
Inxalenye yosuku eyongezelelweyo iba nefuthe elikhulu kwindawo yesiganeko. Umhlaba uyaqhubeka nokujikeleza ngoxa kugqitywa ixesha leSaros elilandelayo. Malunga neeyure ezisi-8 zilingana nesinye kwisithathu sokujikeleza, ngoko ummandla ojongene nokusitheka ushenxa malunga ne-120 degrees zobude bomgca-ntathu usiya entshona, ukusuka kwilungu elinye losapho ukuya kwelilandelayo.
Xa kusitheka ilanga, oku kunceda ukuchaza isizathu sokuba ilungu elilandelayo losapho oluqhelekileyo lidla ngokunqumla kwindawo eyahlukileyo yoMhlaba. Nokuba ukungqinelana kweLanga neNyanga kufana kakhulu nokwesiganeko sangaphambili, indawo ojonga kuyo sele ijikeleze yasuka kwindawo enye engaphantsi kwesithunzi. Umzila nawo uyatshintshela emantla okanye emazantsi njengoko ukungqinelana kutshintsha.
Xa kusitheka inyanga, akukho mzila umxinwa wokuba inyanga ifihleke ngokupheleleyo onqumla kumphezulu woMhlaba. Umbuzo ofanelekileyo ngowokuba zeziphi iindawo ezineNyanga ngaphezu komphandle wazo ngexesha ngalinye lesiganeko. Ukutshintsha kobude bomgca-ntathu kuguqula iindawo zehlabathi ezinokusibona, nangona iindawo ezibanzi ezibonakalayo zinokudibana.
Imijikelo emithathu yeSaros yenza i-exeligmos, ethatha malunga neminyaka engama-54 nenyanga enye. Iiyure zazo ezongezelelweyo zidibana zisondele kusuku olupheleleyo, nto leyo ebuyisela ixesha losuku kufutshane nexesha elaliqalwe ngalo. Oku kwandisa ukufana kweendawo, kodwa akukwenzi ukusitheka kuphindaphindeke ngokuchanileyo.
Usapho lokusitheka lunembali yalo
Uthotho lweSaros lusapho olwenziwa kukulandela ezo ziganeko zokusitheka zihlobeneyo, esinye emva kwesinye, ngesithuba seSaros. Umjikelo lixesha eliphindaphindayo; uthotho ngamakhonkco eziganeko ezidityaniswe ngulo mjikelo. Iintsapho ezininzi ziqhubeka ngaxeshanye, amalungu azo etshintshana kwikhalenda yokusitheka. Ngoko ke, ukusitheka okubini okulandelelanayo akusoloko kungamalungu osapho olunye.
Uthotho ngalunye luthatha iinkulungwane ezininzi kuba ukungangqinelani okuncinane kwe-node kukhula kancinci. Uthotho lokusitheka kwenyanga luqala iNyanga ingena kancinci kwipenumbra yoMhlaba, indawo engaphandle yesithunzi sawo. Amalungu alandelayo anokudlula nzulu ngakumbi kwisithunzi, aze abe kukusitheka okuyinxenye, yaye kwezinye iintsapho abe kukusitheka okupheleleyo. Ekugqibeleni, iindlela zidlula zingatshoni nzulu kangako kwakhona luze uthotho luphele. Ayizizo zonke iintsapho ezifikelela ekusithekeni okupheleleyo.
Umahluko phakathi kokusitheka kwenyanga kwepenumbra, okuyinxenye nokupheleleyo unika umfanekiso obonakalayo wolu tshintsho. ISaros yongeza imbono yexesha elide: ezi ndidi zinokubonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhula kosapho, kunokuba zibe ziintlobo zeziganeko ezingadibaniyo.
Uthotho lokusitheka kwelanga nalo luqala luze luphele ngokusitheka okuyinxenye, phakathi kwala manqanaba kusenokubakho ukusitheka okuphakathi. Ijiyometri yalo etshintshayo inokuvelisa amalungu apheleleyo, angama-annular okanye angumxube. Ukufana kwamalungu osapho kuyinyani, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuba uhlobo lokusitheka luya kuhlala lungatshintshi.
Oko ababeqikelela ngako abantu bakudala
Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zaseBhabhiloni zaziqaphela iipateni eziphindaphindayo zokusitheka kwenyanga kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ingcaciso yale mihla esekelwe kwintshukumo yemijikelo yezinto ezisemajukujukwini. Iirekhodi eziqokelelwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana zenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukudibanisa iziganeko ezahlulwe yiminyaka emininzi. Eyona mpumelelo yayikukuqonda ukuba uthotho olude lunezakhiwo ezithile, endaweni yokujonga ukusitheka ngakunye njengesiganeko esingadibaniyo nezinye okanye njengesiprofeto esingalindelekanga.
Ukusitheka kwenyanga kwakunenzuzo ebonakalayo ekufumaneni iipateni ezinjalo. Kubonakala kwindawo enkulu yecala loMhlaba elisebusuku, ngoko umntu okwindawo enye unamathuba amaninzi okukubona kunokubona ukusitheka okupheleleyo kwelanga, okulandela umzila omxinwa. Sekunjalo, imozulu, ukukhanya kwemini neNyanga engaphantsi komphandle wendawo zinokushiya izikhewu kwirekhodi yendawo leyo.
Ixesha eliphindaphindayo lalinokubonisa ithuba lokuba kubekho ukusitheka, kodwa linganikeli zonke iinkcukacha ezilindelwe ngumntu obukeleyo wale mihla. Ukuqikelela umzila wasekuhlaleni wokusitheka kwelanga, okanye ixesha elichanileyo lokuqalisa kokusitheka kwenyanga okupheleleyo, kufuna ijiyometri eneenkcukacha ezingakumbi. Ngoko amandla embali eSaros ayengengokuchaneka okugqibeleleyo: ayelubudlelwane obuthembekileyo obunokufunyanwa ngokuqwalasela ngaphandle kwethiyori epheleleyo yomxhuzulane.
Sebenzisa umjikelo ngaphandle kokwenza izithembiso ezingeyonyani
Xa ufuna ukuthelekisa ngokusebenzayo, khetha ukusitheka kwenyanga kwikhathalogu uze ukhangele isiganeko esimalunga neminyaka eli-18 ngaphambi okanye emva kwaso. Ukuba ikhathalogu inamanani eSaros, wasebenzise ukuqinisekisa unxulumano kunokuba uthembele kuphela kumgama weentsuku zekhalenda. Thelekisa uhlobo nobude bokusitheka: ukufana okusondeleyo bubungqina bejiyometri ephindaphindayo, ngoxa umahluko ubonisa ukuguquka kancinci kosapho.
Musa ukuphawula nje umhla ofanayo kwikhalenda uze ulindele ukuba kwenzeke kwakhona kwiminyaka eli-18 kamva. Iintsuku ezongezelelweyo zibalulekile, ngokunjalo neeyure ezongezelelweyo. Sebenzisa ikhalenda yezigaba zeNyanga ukuze ufumane amaxesha achanileyo enyanga epheleleyo, uze ujonge ikhathalogu yokusitheka ukuze ufumane amaxesha okudibana kwesithunzi neNyanga. Inyanga epheleleyo ibonisa isigaba esifunekayo, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ukuba iNyanga iza kungena kwisithunzi soMhlaba.
Okokugqibela, yahlula ubukho bokusitheka ekubeni ukwazi ukukubukela. Iideshibhodi zeNyanga zesixeko zinika amaxesha okuphuma nokutshona kweNyanga, ukuphakama kwayo ne-azimuth ukuze uhlolisise iimeko zomphandle wendawo okuyo. Ukusitheka kunokuba kwindawo efanelekileyo ngokwejiyometri kodwa kwenzeke iNyanga ingaphantsi komphandle wendawo okuyo, okanye kuqale isezantsi isithintelwa zizakhiwo. ISaros ikuchazela isizathu sokuba isiganeko esizalana nesinye siphinde sibuye; ixesha lendawo yakho nomphandle wayo zigqiba enoba uya kukwazi na ukusibona.