I-supermoon yiNyanga epheleleyo eyenzeka xa iNyanga ikufutshane noko eMhlabeni. Eli gama lesiqhulo lichaza izinto ezimbini ezenzeka ngaxeshanye: iNyanga ikwinqanaba lokuphelela, yaye ikufutshane nenxalenye ye-orbit yayo ekufutshane noMhlaba. Oku akuthethi ukuba iNyanga ikhula ngesiquphe, yaye ayilohlobo olwahlukileyo lwesigaba seNyanga. Izigaba zeNyanga zilandela umjikelo ophindaphindayo, ochazwe kwesi sikhokelo se-indlela ezisebenza ngayo izigaba zeNyanga.
Eli gama linokuba luncedo, ukuba nje alithathwa njengesiqinisekiso sotshintsho olumangalisayo esibhakabhakeni. INyanga epheleleyo ekufutshane inkulu ngobubanzi obubonakalayo yaye inokubonakala iqaqambe ngakumbi kunaleyo ikude, kodwa umahluko uyenzeka ngokuthe chu. Indawo ekuyo iNyanga, ummandla okufuphi nomphezulu womhlaba, imozulu neemeko zekhamera zonke zichaphazela oko kubonwa ngumntu.
I-perigee neNyanga epheleleyo ziziganeko ezahlukileyo
INyanga ijikeleza uMhlaba kwi-orbit emile okweqanda, ngoko umgama wayo uyatshintsha. Eyona ndawo ikufutshane kwi-orbit ibizwa ngokuba yi-perigee, yaye eyona ikude ibizwa ngokuba yi-apogee. Imigama eqhelekileyo imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-363,300 kwi-perigee neekhilomitha ezingama-405,500 kwi-apogee; umgama ophakathi koMhlaba neNyanga ziikhilomitha ezingama-384,400. Le migama ilinganiswa ukusuka embindini woMhlaba ukuya embindini weNyanga, ayilinganiswa ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kumphezulu weNyanga.
INyanga epheleleyo, kwelinye icala, sisigaba: icala leNyanga elijonge eMhlabeni likhanyiswa phantse ngokupheleleyo liLanga. Isigaba sokuphelela siphinda senzeke rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezingama-29.53059, ngoxa iNyanga ithatha iintsuku ezingama-27.32166 ukujikeleza uMhlaba xa ithelekiswa neenkwenkwezi. Ngenxa yokuba le mijikelo yahlukile, iNyanga epheleleyo ayisoloko ikwindawo efanayo kwi-orbit ngalo lonke ixesha. Ngamanye amaxesha iba kufutshane noko kwi-perigee, yaye ngamanye amaxesha iba kude kakhulu.
Lo mahluko ucacisa isizathu sokuba iNyanga epheleleyo ingasoloko iyi-supermoon. Ezi ziganeko zibini kufuneka zenzeke ngexesha elisondele ngokwaneleyo ukuze umgama weNyanga ufikelele kwinkcazelo ekhethiweyo. Umzekelo osebenzayo: iNyanga epheleleyo yomhla wama-24 kuDisemba 2026 idweliswe ikumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-356,927, ongaphakathi komda we-supermoon osetyenziswa yile sayithi. Sebenzisa ikhalenda yezigaba zeNyanga ukufumana imihla engaphaya kwaloo mzekelo ubekiweyo.
Inkulu yaye iqaqambe kangakanani?
Umgama utshintsha ubungakanani obubonakalayo ngenxa yendlela izinto ezibonakala ngayo. Into ekufutshane ithatha indawo enkulu kwindawo oyibonayo kunaloo nto ikude. Xa kusetyenziswa imigama eqhelekileyo ye-perigee ne-apogee, ububanzi obubonakalayo beNyanga kwi-perigee bumalunga ne-12% ngaphezu kobayo kwi-apogee. Ummandla wediski yayo ebonakalayo umalunga ne-24% mkhulu. Olu thelekiso lubonisa iziphelo zemigama eqhelekileyo ye-orbit, kungekhona umahluko phakathi kwazo zonke izibini zeeNyanga ezipheleleyo.
Kukho nesizathu esibonakalayo sokuba iNyanga epheleleyo ekufutshane ibonakale iqaqambe ngakumbi: ukukhanya kweLanga okubuyiselwa yiNyanga kusasazeka kummandla omkhulu njengoko kuhamba ukuya eMhlabeni, ngoko kuya kufika kancinci kwindawo ethile esemhlabeni xa umgama usanda. Xa kuthelekiswa ngendlela eyenziwe lula engathatheli ngqalelo utshintsho ekukhanyeni komphezulu neemeko zokuyibukela, ukukhanya kuyahluka malunga ngokomlinganiselo wesikwere esichasene nomgama. Kumda weekhilomitha ezingama-360,000 osetyenziswa apha, iNyanga epheleleyo ibiya kuba malunga ne-7% ububanzi obungaphezulu yaye ifumane malunga ne-14% yokukhanya okungaphezulu kunaleyo ikumgama ophakathi oziikhilomitha ezingama-384,400.
La manani awathembisi ukuba iNyanga iya kubonakala inkulu nge-7% ngeliso lenyama. Kunokuba nzima ukubona umahluko phakathi kwe-supermoon neNyanga epheleleyo eqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuzithelekisa ngokuthe ngqo. Ifoto inokuyenza ibonakale imangalisa ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa ilensi enobude obude, into engaphambili ekufutshane okanye ukubeka umfanekiso ngobuchule. Iifoto ezithathwe ngeesetingi ezahlukileyo zekhamera azibobungqina obuthembekileyo bokuba iNyanga ibibonakala inkulu kangakanani esibhakabhakeni.
Kutheni iinkcazelo ze-supermoon zahluka
I-supermoon ligama elisetyenziswa luluntu, asilodidi olunye olusesikweni lwezinto ezisesibhakabhakeni olunenkcazelo enye esetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo. Ezinye iinkcazelo zigxininisa kwiNyanga epheleleyo ekufutshane ne-perigee; ezinye zibeka umda womgama okanye zichaza ukuba kufutshane kuthetha ukuba ikweliphi iqhezu lomgama we-orbit yeNyanga. Ngenxa yoko, iikhalenda namanqaku ahlukeneyo zinokubiza iiNyanga ezipheleleyo ezahlukileyo ngokuba zii-supermoon zingaphikisani ngendawo ekuyo iNyanga ngokwenene. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba zisebenzisa nje imigaqo eyahlukileyo.
Ukuze izinto zingaguquguquki, le sayithi ichaza i-supermoon njengeNyanga epheleleyo ekufutshane noMhlaba ngaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezingama-360,000 ukusuka embindini woMhlaba. Lo ngumda othile, oqinileyo noko: umgama oqhelekileyo we-perigee umalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-363,300, ngoko asiyiyo yonke iNyanga epheleleyo ekufutshane ne-perigee efaneleka njengayo. Ngokwenkcazelo ehambelanayo yale sayithi, i-micromoon yiNyanga epheleleyo ekumgama ongaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-405,000.
Ngoko ke, ilebhile ayinalwazi lungako njengomgama oyisiseko sayo. Xa uthelekisa amabango, jonga ukuba athetha ngeNyanga epheleleyo na, ukuba umgama ulinganiswa njani, nokuba ngowuphi umda osetyenziswayo. Amagama emveli eeNyanga ezipheleleyo, afana neNyanga yesivuno okanye iNyanga yomzingeli, achaza isithethe sokuthiya esahlukileyo nesingasekelwanga kumgama; jonga isikhokelo se-amagama eeNyanga ezipheleleyo ngalo mxholo wahlukileyo.
I-supermoon ayikokufiphala kweNyanga
I-supermoon ayibangeli kufiphala. Zombini ezi ziganeko zibandakanya indlela iLanga, uMhlaba neNyanga ezimi ngayo, kodwa ukusithwa kweNyanga kufuna enye imeko: iNyanga kufuneka idlule kwisithunzi soMhlaba. I-orbit yeNyanga ithambekele malunga ne-5.14 degrees xa ithelekiswa nomphezulu we-orbit yoMhlaba ojikeleze iLanga, ngoko iiNyanga ezininzi ezipheleleyo zidlula ngaphezu okanye ngaphantsi kweso sithunzi. Ukusithwa kweNyanga kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ezi zinto zilungelelana kufutshane nendawo apho ii-orbit zinqumlana khona.
INyanga epheleleyo ekufutshane inokudibana nokusithwa kweNyanga ukuba ulungelelwaniso olufunekayo luyenzeka, kodwa ukuba kufutshane kukodwa akwanelanga. Ngokunjalo, ukusithwa kweNyanga akuyenzi ngokuzenzekelayo ibe yi-supermoon ngokwenkcazelo esekelwe kumgama. Isixhobo sokulandelela ukusithwa kweNyanga silandelela iziganeko zokusithwa, ezisisizathu esahlukileyo sokujonga iNyanga.
Yintoni omawuyijonge xa uyibukele
INyanga idla ngokubonakala inkulu ngokungaqhelekanga xa ikufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba. Le mbono iqhelekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yinkohliso yeNyanga, ayibobungqina bokuba iNyanga iye yasondela kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ngorhatya. Utshintsho kubungakanani obubonakalayo olubangelwa yi-orbit yayo luyinyani, kodwa loo mbono ibangelwa kukuyibona kufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba yinto eyahlukileyo. Indlela elula yokuzibonela kukubamba into encinane kumgama wobude bengalo uze uthelekise ububanzi beNyanga obubonakalayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo; kuphephe ukulinganisa ubungakanani ngokuthembela kwinkumbulo kuphela.
Ukuze wenze uthelekiso oluluncedo, jonga iifoto zeeNyanga ezimbini ezipheleleyo ezithathwe kwindawo enye, kusetyenziswa ilensi enye nendlela efanayo yokubeka umfanekiso, okanye uzithelekise kuthotho olunye olunezinto ezibonisa isikali ngokucacileyo. Ukuba injongo yakho kukujonga idiski yeNyanga ngokwayo, musa ukubandakanya umphambili womhlaba nomphezulu womhlaba kolu thelekiso. Inkungu esemoyeni inokwenza iNyanga ephantsi esibhakabhakeni ibonakale i-orenji okanye ibomvu, kodwa loo mbala ubangelwa kukudlula kokukhanya kumoya omninzi, hayi kukuba iNyanga ikufutshane.
Eyona nto isengqiqweni onokuyilindela lutshintsho olungephi kubungakanani nasekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, olubangelwa ngumgama wokwenene weNyanga luze luthomalaliswe ziimeko zokuyibukela. Ukwazi umgama, endaweni yokuthembela kwigama lesiqhulo lodwa, kwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda i-supermoon—kwaye kunceda ukwahlula ubume be-orbit kwindlela iifoto nendlela esibona ngayo ezinokuyenza ibonakale igqithile ngayo.