Ukuba ubekele iiwotshi zimbini ze-atom enganxumeyo — imwe kumaKhaya nesephlane kunye nenye eLoliwe — kwaye ukhankanywe emva kocwaningo olungu-1, iLoliwe iwotshi iyokomfihliweyo iintlungu ezi-56.02 zomikrosekhe. Oku ayiloli inyumba kwewotshi. Oku ibhekisa ephakathi kunye neInguquko yoMhlaba esikhethanga sabuhlobo-buluŝ okwambalwa kwilanga elilandelayo.
iSiphumo sexesha kubunzima ekulungiselela
iEinstein yebuhlobo-buluŝ, echicilelweyo ngo-1915, ibhekisa ubunzima ayiloli amandla kodwa ukugubungela kwe-spacetime. Izintelezi ezinkulu okunzi Umhlaba kunye neLoliwe zithakela ispacetime ezinzele zazo, kwaye oku guqagela nini ixesha libhekela.
iSikhumbuzo esisisikhundla: amanzi abunzima ubunzima, ixesha elilula libhekela. Oku kunqubo kubhekisela "gravitational time dilation." Umhla weLoliwe ubunzima bulala ezilandeleni-6. Ngenxa yokuba iLoliwe ubunzima wukucopela, ispacetime imide kulintla, kwaye iiwotshi zihamba ngokukhawuka.
iNtlanganiso ezilandeleni ezi-56 zomikrosekhe
iSiqalo enqanqo ekusheshanyelwa kwiiwhitshi zeloliwe zisesisebo sokulingana kubunzima kuMhlaba neLoliwe, kanye nokukhethwa okuncinci kuxesha lokusebenza kwepleveti kunye noMhlaba ukulumela.
iGravitational blueshift — iiwotshi zihamba ngokukhawuka ekubeni kwakumbi ubunzima — inganikela okwema +58.7 zomikrosekhe ngosuku. Kodwa, ijuene yeorbital yeLoliwe (okwema 1.022 km/s) kusebenzela ipezalo elincinci ekubeni yeyona ulayini (velocity-dependent isiphumo isikhethanga sabuhlobo-buluŝ), siyanciphisa izinkunzi ezinkazi okwema 2.7 zomikrosekhe ngosuku. Isiphumo-hlanganiselwe singungu-56.02 zomikrosekhe ngosuku.
Leli nani libe kwavele kuvele NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory kunye neNzuzo yabantu abakwazi nokwazi (NIST) ukuphinda-phinda imibuzo yokuzingela.
Ayiloli iTheoretical — Kulingane noma Kubaliwe
iSiphumo sexesha kubunzima ukunikela enye yeminqanqasithuba ephakamela kakhulu kalibele ezilawulweni. iiSkhafu se-GPS, ekubeni lihalala okwema 20,200 km ubunzima okungakumbi, zithanda ezinkunzi okwema 45 zomikrosekhe ngosuku ukuqhathanisa namaKhaya.
Isiphumo esisisikhundla sihlela iLoliwe. Ngaphandle kwenyumba ezamaathomu eLoliwe, isiphumo sibaliwe kunogwajo olungundlankungu. i-Isikhethanga sabuhlobo-buluŝ ixesha dilation ifomula yeyiphumo ekubali ingakweyisigidi iyohlanganayo.
Nani Ezi-56 zomikrosekhe Imicimbi
Kweendawo zoxolo, ezi-56 zomikrosekhe hayi ziyonakele. Kodwa kwezinqubo ezikuthembayo, zongezwa ngokukhawuka:
Ngomhla ojikelezayo, iLoliwe iwotshi ilibele okwema 1.7 yomilisekhe. Ngomzuzwane owakhe, ibhekela okwema 20 yomilisekhe. Ukusukela ku-J2000.0 epoch (uJanuwari 1, 2000), isiphumo somjikelo sizamile okwema 0.5 yesigcina.
Kwimicimbi, izizinzela sihambela okwema 300 imitha omikrosekhe. iimpazamo ze-56-zomikrosekhe exesha ingananikela okwema 16 imitha yobuluŝ/umhla. Kwizizazi-kwizazi-okumele iArtemis missions — intsingizela indawo ethile kuZantsi-Pole eLoliwe — oku kutshintsho kuluŝ kuluŝ.
Le ndlela-ko nini iXesha Elinxulumene neLoliwe (LTC) ifumene: ukunikela ixesha elinxulumeneyo elibala-rhofu kunye nokusibaka zonke izinqubo zeLoliwe zisombululeke.