Ko te hītoriana tīmereo he hītoriana o te civilisation tangata whānui. Mai i te sundials tuatahi Ēkipia tawhiti ki ngā karaka atoma e whakaae ana Coordinated Lunar Time, ia whakatakao i te tatau wā ka unelok ngā kōmea hou — whakatuparitaki, whakatakere, whakaaro, me nāianei rapu rangi.
Ngā Tīmereo Tawhiti
Ko te tatau wā tuatahi e hāngai ana i ngā titiro tohu-ā-ao. E whakamahi ana ngā Ēkipia tawhiti i ngā obelisk whakaata rā apatata 3500 BCE, karapoti te āhuatanga Rā ki te whakaweawea haora. Ko ngā waiaita wai (clepsydras) e whakarato tīmereo whakapō me te rā kapua, me ngā mea noa e 1500 BCE Ēkipia me China.
Ko te Marama ko te maramataka tuatahi o sangkatauhan. Ko te kupu "marama" i te rapu "moon," me te maramataka marama i whakamahi Babylonian, Chinese, Hebrew, me Islamic civilisations. Ko te marama synodic 29.53 rā e whakarato te pokapū tohu mō te rapu whakatupu, whakaaro tūturu, me te pūranga-ā-tai.
Ngā Karaka Mechanical me te Raru Longitude
Ko te pakipakinotanga karaka mechanical i te rautau 13 Europe ka rereketanga ao. Ko ngā kope whare, e whakahaere ana e escapement mechanisms, ka whakaiae whakatupu rā puta noa i te rōpū. Engari ko ngā karaka tuatahi tēnei he tika noa i te ~15 meneti ia rā.
Ko te raru tīmereo nui o te rautau 18 he raru longitude. I te moana, ko te kaiwhakatuparitaki ka taea e tatau latitude i te ūpoko pukapuka, engari ko te longitude e hiahia ana ki te pae wā tika i te wāhi tangohanga. I 1761, ko te karaka moana H4 John Harrison ka whiwhi tika ~5 hēkona ia rā — tika ki te tatau longitude ki te nautical maira. Ko tēnei whakatakao ka āhei i te whakatuparitaki moana waiwhai me te hokohoko a te ao.
Te Pae Tīmereo me Ngā Wāwāhi Wā
I mua i te telegraph me te railway, ia taone i kite tōna ake wā Rā rohe. Ko tangohui i Boston he meneti rereke i te tangohui New York. I te wā e hono ai te railway i ngā taone rautau 19, ko tēnei ahuareka ka tino kino — ko ngā tren i te iti rite e tiki ai i ngā wā rereke.
I 1884, Ko International Meridian Conference i Washington, D.C. e whakatūngia Greenwich Meridian hei meridian prime me te whare 24 wā wāwāhi. Ko tēnei te pae wā a te ao tuatahi, me ka whakatūngia e te putake mō te whakatūtangitangi a te ao o te tīmereo.
Ko ngā Karaka Atoma me UTC
Ko te oscillator quartz crystal, whakatupu rautau 1920s, ka whakahake tika tīmereo i te waahi hēkona ia rā. Engari ko te rebolusioni tika ka timatanga 1955 ki te karaka atoma cesium tuatahi e mahi ana i te National Physical Laboratory England.
Ko ngā karaka atoma e tatau ana wā ma te tatau o ngā neke atoma — cesium-133 atoma e neke ana tika 9,192,631,770 wā ia hēkona, he tere koia tika e kore ai te karaka atoma o nāianei te hokia, heke hēkona i 300 miriona tau.
I 1972, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) ka whakatūngia hei pae wā tūnga ao. E tiakina kē tenei e Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) mā te paearu ā-ao 400+ karaka atoma i 80 mahi puta noa. E whakahohe nga hēkona leap wahine ki te whakakai UTC aligned ki te tīpoti-anō pōkeka o te Ao.
GPS me te Relativistic Era
Ko te Global Positioning System, katoa mahi 1995, ko te kaupapa tūnga tuatahi e hiahia ana i ngā whakatika tīmereo relativistic. Ko te GPS satellites e tīpoti ana i te ~20,200 km taupoki, kei te halotra te kaha. E hokia ai tō karaka e ~45 mikrosekona ia rā atu i Ao takao (whakarereketanga kaha-kaha), engari tō tere orbit e puta ana karaka e tere pōkeka ~7 mikrosekona ia rā (special relativistic whakarereketanga wā). Ko te putake neti +38 mikrosekona ia rā.
Kāore te whakatika mō te relativistic, ka whakahohe te GPS tohu e ~10 km ia rā. Ko te angitu GPS e whakaatu ana whakarereketanga relativistic tīmereo kāore noa te tohu-ā-whakaaro — ko te engineering tika.
Coordinated Lunar Time — Ko te Kabanata Panui
I Āperira 2024, ko White House e whakahau ana NASA ki te whakatūngia Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) — whakawahanui te tika tīmereo mai te Ao orbit ki te Marama surface. He rite ki UTC, LTC ka tautokohia pae ā-ao o ngā karaka atoma, engari e whakaaro ai te halotra kaha Marama, ka tere 56.02 mikrosekona ia rā.
Mai i te sundials ki ngā karaka atoma ki te Marama — ia kaupapa i te tatau wā ka wahawahanui tā sangkatauhan. Ko Coordinated Lunar Time te kabanata hou i te hītoriana ka piki te 5,500 tau, me ka āhei te panui nui waiwhai o rapu.