Kei te waiaiti te sangkatauhan ki te hoki ki te Marama me te kaupapa Artemis, kua pīkau he kaupapa e karangaranga ana ki runga — he kaupapa e kore e mahara te nuinga: he aha te wā o te Marama? I Āperira 2, 2024, i whakahau te White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) a NASA kia whakatūngia te Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) e te 2026 mutunga.
He aha te Marama e pēhea e whai wātimereo motuhake?
I te Ao, e whāwhānui ana mātou i te Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), e tiakina ana e te pūnaha o 400+ karaka atoma puta noa i te ao. Ko te GPS satellites, ngā pūnaha whānui, ngā pūnaha mana, me te internet katoa e whai taha ana i te synchronization tika ki te UTC.
Ko te Marama he kaupapa tino rereke. Nā te halotra o tōna wā-kaha, ko te karaka i te Marama surface e tere ana ~56.02 mikrosekona mēnā koa ia rā o te Ao i ērā ōrite ki te Ao. Ko tēnei āhuatanga — e whakaputa ana a Einstein's general theory of relativity — e kī ana e mahue ke te whakatakoto o te Ao wā ki te Marama o te pōkeka o te wā marama ā rohe.
I roto i te rā, 16 mikrosekona tere he mea iti. Engari mō te pūnaha whaka-tūranga, tērā drift e tohu ana i ngā māharahara tohu 16 mita ia rā. I roto i te marama, ka tae ki te 500 mita — me te taumata e whakaaro ana i te tika te takoto me te whakatakere rover me te whakatakere whakarata whakatakere i te horohoro.
Pēhea te mahi a LTC
Ko Coordinated Lunar Time e tīkanga ana i ngā mahunga ōrite ki UTC engari me te whakahua i te Marama environment. Ko te mahere e tohu ana i te tūkiing o te pūnaha o ngā karaka atoma i te Marama surface me te Marama orbit. Ka whakamahi ngā karaka nei ki te tatauynga o te paearu-a-ā-ao e whakaae ana i te wā marama rīpine.
Ka kawe te LTC i te whakataupapatunga kua waiharia, tika hoki ki te UTC kia āhei ai te whakawhitinga wā i waenganui o te Ao me te Marama. Ko te rereke nui he LTC e whakaaroaro ana i te relativistic offset — te whakarereketanga whakaao e karangaranga ana i ngā karaka marama.
I whakaputa te National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) i te paewhakatakoto tohu i te Akoraki 2024 e whakaatu ana i te tauira pāngarau mō te tiki wā marama i ngā whakatika relativistic ki te UTC.
Te Mahi ā-Ao
Kāore te tīmereo marama he mahi NASA anake. Ko te United Nations International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) i whakatū i te pōari mahi tohu 2024 ki te whakapae i te wā marama ā-whenua. Ko te Artemis Accords — e whakatairangitia ana e te 50+ whenua — e mohio ana ki te pangangatanga mō ngā pūnaha ka tahi i te Marama, me te whakataupapatunga o te wā tahi hei putake.
Ka ako hoki te European Space Agency (ESA) mō te tīmereo marama hei waahanga o Moonlight initiative, e whakataupapa ana i te whakarato o te whakatakere me te navigasyon ā te Marama.
He aha te kahuatanga o LTC mō te waiwhai
Ko te pae wā marama e āhei ai te navigasyon tika mō ngā lander me rover, te whakatakere whakarata whakatakere waiwhai i waenganui o te Ao me te Marama, te whakatūtangitangi i waenganui o ngā kaupapa mā ngā pūrei ā-rangi ahuatanga, me te putake mō te tīmereo Mars me atu.
Ko Coordinated Lunar Time e tatau ana kei te moontimenow.com e whakamahi ana i te tere whakarereketanga e whakaputa ana +56.02 mikrosekona ia rā, whare-nui mai i te J2000.0 epoch, ki te tohu i te āhuatanga o te pānui karaka rīpine LTC o nāianei.