Ubwirakabiri bushobora kugira ubundi buhuriyeho na bwo, bukabaho hashize hafi imyaka 18. Ibyo bihe byombi bishobora kugira imyanya isa y'ibintu byo mu kirere, intera isa hagati y'Isi n'Ukwezi, n'inzira isa inyura mu miterere y'igicucu cy'Isi cyangwa icy'Ukwezi. Iryo sano ryitwa Inzinguzingo ya Saros, rikaba ari rumwe mu ngero zifasha cyane mu bumenyi bw'ikirere zigaragaza uko igishushanyo mbonera gishobora gukora bitewe n'uko injyana nyinshi zituzuye neza zisa n'izihura.
Inzinguzingo ya Saros imara imyaka igera kuri 18, iminsi 11 n'amasaha 8. Si gahunda iteganya ko ubwirakabiri bumwe buzongera kubera hejuru y'umujyi umwe, uko bwakabaye. Amasaha y'inyongera ahindura imiterere y'uko Isi ireba, kandi utudasa duto turushaho kwiyongera uko bwongera kuba. Buri bwirakabiri buba mu itsinda rigenda rihinduka, aho kuba urukurikirane rudashira rw'ibyabaye bisa neza.
Urutonde rw'ibyabaye by'ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi kuri katalogi y'ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi rutanga amakuru kuri buri bwirakabiri, nk'ubwoko bwabwo, ibihe bitandukanye butangirira n'ubwo burangirira, igihe bumara n'aho bushobora kugaragara uhereye aho uri. Saros isobanura isano yimbitse iri hagati y'ibimwe muri ibyo byabaye: impamvu ubwoko runaka bw'uko ibintu byo mu kirere bihurira bushobora kongera kubaho nyuma y'imyaka myinshi.
Inzinguzingo 3 z'ukwezi zigomba kongera kwegerana
Ukwezi gukurikiza inzinguzingo zirenze imwe zifite akamaro. Inzinguzingo y'ibyiciro byako, cyangwa ukwezi kwa sinodiki, imara impuzandengo y'iminsi 29.53059. Ibi bipima igihe kiri hagati y'ukwezi gushya n'ukurukurikira, cyangwa hagati y'ukwezi kwuzuye n'ukurukurikira. Ubwirakabiri bw'izuba busaba ko haba ukwezi gushya; ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi busaba ko haba ukwezi kwuzuye. Bityo, kugira ngo ubwirakabiri busubire, ikintu cya mbere ni uko Ukwezi kongera kugera mu cyiciro gikwiye.
Inzinguzingo ya kabiri ifitanye isano n'uko orbit y'Ukwezi ihanamye. Urwego orbit yako irimo rurahanamye ku rugero rwa dogere 5.14 ugereranyije n'urwego rw'ubutambike bw'ibintu byo mu kirere, ni ukuvuga urwego orbit y'Isi izengurukiramo Izuba. Izo nzego zombi zihurira ku murongo, kandi uturere Ukwezi kwambukiramo urwo rwego twitwa utununga. Kugira ngo habaho ubwirakabiri, Ukwezi ntigomba kuba mu cyiciro gikwiye gusa, ahubwo kigomba no kuba hafi y'akununga. Igihe kiri hagati yo kongera kunyura ku kununga runaka ni ukwezi kwa drakoniki, kumara hafi iminsi 27.21.
Inzinguzingo ya gatatu ipima igihe Ukwezi kimara kugira ngo kongere kugera ku iperige, ahantu hakwegereye Isi kurusha ahandi. Iryo kwezi rya anomalistiki rimara hafi iminsi 27.55. Intera igira ingaruka ku bunini Ukwezi kugaragaramo no ku muvuduko wako mu nzira yako, bityo gusubiramo iyi nzinguzingo bifasha gutuma ubwirakabiri bugira imiterere isa.
Izi mezi ziratandukanye kubera ko icyerekezo cy'utununga n'icy'iperige bihinduka buhoro buhoro. Ukwezi kumwe gusanzwe ntigushobora gutuma izo nzinguzingo zose zisubira aho zari ziri.
Imibare isobanura imyaka 18
Inzinguzingo ya Saros ikora kubera ko amezi 223 ya sinodiki ahwanye hafi n'amezi 242 ya drakoniki n'amezi 239 ya anomalistiki. Nyuma y'icyo gihe, Ukwezi kongera kugera hafi mu cyiciro kimwe, hafi y'umwanya umwe ugereranyije n'akununga, no hafi y'ahantu hamwe mu rugendo rwako hagati y'aho kuba hafi n'aho kuba kure y'Isi.
Gukoresha igihe cy'impuzandengo y'inzinguzingo y'ibyiciro bitanga urugero rw'ingirakamaro: 223 × 29.53059 iminsi = iminsi 6,585.32157. Igice gisigara nyuma y'umubare wuzuye, 0.32157 cy'umunsi, kingana na hafi amasaha 7 n'iminota 43. Ni ho havuye ibisobanuro bizwi cyane bizengurutswe, “imyaka 18, iminsi 11 n'amasaha 8.” Umubare w'iminsi isagutse kuri kalendari urahinduka bitewe n'iminsi y'inyongera ya buri myaka 4 iba muri icyo gihe; ushobora kuba nka 10 aho kuba 11.
Ibi birasa cyane, ariko si umubare wuzuye uhuriweho n'izo nzinguzingo. Umwanya w'akununga n'intera ntibisubira neza uko byari bimeze, ni yo mpamvu ubwirakabiri buhinduka uko itsinda ryabwo rimara igihe. Igihe nyakuri kiri hagati y'ibihe bihuye by'ubwirakabiri na cyo kirahindagurika gatoya, bityo kongeraho igihe mpuzandengo cya Saros ntibisimbura kubara ibihe nyakuri ubwirakabiri butangirira n'ubwo burangirira.
Hari n'irindi tandukaniro ry'ingirakamaro: umubare w'amezi 223 uhuza ubwirakabiri bw'izuba n'ubundi bw'izuba, cyangwa ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi n'ubundi bw'ukwezi. Ntiwihindura ubwirakabiri bubaho ku kwezi gushya ngo bube ubwo ku kwezi kwuzuye. Ubwoko bwombi bufite amatsinda yabwo atandukanye ya Saros.
Impamvu ubwirakabiri bukurikira bwimukira mu burengerazuba
Agace k'umunsi gasagutse kagira ingaruka nini ku hantu ubwirakabiri bubera. Isi irazenguruka mu gihe inzinguzingo ikurikira ya Saros irimo kurangira. Amasaha agera kuri 8 ahwanye na hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'uruzenguruko rw'Isi, bityo akarere kabona ubwirakabiri kwimukira mu burengerazuba ho hafi dogere 120 z'uburebure bw'isi, ugereranyije n'ubwirakabiri bubanziriza ubundi muri iryo tsinda.
Ku bwirakabiri bw'izuba, ibi bifasha gusobanura impamvu ubwirakabiri bwo mu gihe kizaza bwo mu itsinda rimenyerewe busanzwe bwambuka igice gitandukanye cy'Isi. Nubwo guhurira kw'Izuba n'Ukwezi kwaba gusa cyane n'uko byari bimeze mbere, aho urebera haba harazengurutse, ntihabe hakiri ahantu hamwe munsi y'igicucu. Inzira y'ubwirakabiri na yo yimukira mu majyaruguru cyangwa mu majyepfo uko uko ibyo bintu byo mu kirere bihura bihinduka.
Ku bwirakabiri bw'ukwezi, nta nzira ifunganye y'ubwirakabiri bwuzuye inyura ku buso bw'Isi. Ikibazo cy'ingenzi ni ahantu Ukwezi kuba kugaragara hejuru y'ikirere muri buri cyiciro cy'ubwirakabiri. Ihinduka ry'uburebure bw'isi rituma ibice bitandukanye by'isi bishobora kubona icyo kintu cyo mu kirere, nubwo uduce twinshi dushobora guhura.
Inzinguzingo 3 za Saros zikora exeligmos, imara hafi imyaka 54 n'ukwezi kumwe. Amasaha y'inyongera muri zo zose hamwe agera hafi ku munsi wose, bigatuma igihe cy'umunsi cyongera kwegera icyari gisanzwe. Ibi bituma imiterere y'aho ubwirakabiri bubera irushaho gusa, ariko na bwo ntibisubiramo ubwirakabiri uko bwakabaye.
Itsinda ry'ubwirakabiri rigira amateka yaryo
Urukurikirane rwa Saros ni itsinda rikorwa no gukurikira ubwo bwirakabiri bufite isano, buri kimwe gitandukanywa n'ikindi n'inzinguzingo imwe ya Saros. Inzinguzingo ni igihe gisubiramo; urukurikirane ni uruhererekane rw'ibyabaye bihuzwa na cyo. Urukurikirane rwinshi rubaho icyarimwe, kandi ibyabaye muri rwo bikivanga mu kalendari y'ubwirakabiri. Bityo, ubwirakabiri 2 bukurikirana si ngombwa ko buba mu itsinda rimwe.
Buri rukurikirane rumara ibinyejana byinshi, kuko kudahuza guke kw'utununga kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Urukurikirane rw'ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi rutangira Ukwezi kinyura gake cyane mu gice cyo hanze cy'igicucu cy'Isi, cyitwa penumbra. Nyuma yaho, ibyabaye muri urwo rukurikirane bishobora kunyura cyane mu gicucu, bikaba ubwirakabiri bw'igice, ndetse muri zimwe muri izo nterekurana bikaba ubwuzuye. Amaherezo, Ukwezi kongera kunyura mu duce tudakomeye tw'igicucu, urukurikirane rukarangira. Si buri tsinda rigera ku bwirakabiri bwuzuye.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y'ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bwa penumbra, ubw'igice n'ubwuzuye ritanga ishusho y'uko iryo terambere rigaragara. Saros itanga imyumvire y'igihe kirekire kurushaho: ibyo byiciro bishobora kuba intambwe zitandukanye mu iterambere ry'itsinda, aho kuba ubwoko bw'ibyabaye budafitanye isano.
N'uruhererekane rw'ubwirakabiri bw'izuba na rwo rutangira kandi rukarangira ubwirakabiri bw'igice, hagati y'ibyo byiciro hakaba hashobora kubaho ubwirakabiri bwo hagati. Imiterere yabwo igenda ihinduka ishobora gutuma ubwoko bwabwo buba ubwuzuye, ubw'impeta cyangwa ubw'ubwoko buvanze. Gusa kw'itsinda ni uk'ukuri, ariko ntikwemeza ko ubwoko bw'ubwirakabiri buhora ari bumwe.
Ibyo abakurambere bashoboraga guhanura
Abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere b'i Babiloni bamenye ko ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bukurikiza ibishushanyo bisubiramo kera cyane, mbere y'uko habaho ibisobanuro bya kijyambere by'uko imibumbe n'ibindi bintu byo mu kirere bizenguruka. Inyandiko zakusanyijwe mu gihe cy'ibisekuru byinshi zatumye bishoboka guhuza ibyabaye bitandukanywa n'imyaka myinshi. Ikintu cy'ingenzi bagezeho ni ukumenya ko urukurikirane rurerure rufite imiterere, aho gufata buri bwirakabiri nk'ikimenyetso cyihariye cyangwa ikintu gitunguranye.
Ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bwatanze uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvumbura bene izo ngero. Bugaragara mu gice kinini cy'uruhande rw'Isi ruba ruri mu ijoro, bityo umuntu urebera ahantu hamwe agira amahirwe menshi yo kububona kurusha ubwirakabiri bw'izuba bwuzuye, bwo bukurikira inzira ifunganye. Nubwo bimeze bityo, ikirere kibi, kuba ari ku manywa, cyangwa Ukwezi kuba kutagaragara hejuru y'ahantu urebera byashoboraga gutuma habaho icyuho mu nyandiko z'aho hantu.
Inzinguzingo isubiramo yashoboraga kwerekana ko ubwirakabiri bushobora kuba, ariko ntitange amakuru yose umuntu wo muri iki gihe yakwitega. Guhanura inzira ubwirakabiri bw'izuba buzanyuramo ahantu runaka, cyangwa igihe nyacyo ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bwuzuye butangirira, bisaba gusobanukirwa neza kurushaho n'imiterere y'ibintu byo mu kirere. Bityo agaciro ka Saros mu mateka ntikari gushingiye ku kuba yaratangaga ibisubizo nyabyo mu buryo butunganye: kari isano yizewe yashoboraga kugaragazwa n'ibyo abantu barebaga, hatabayeho inyigisho yuzuye y'imbaraga rukuruzi.
Koresha inzinguzingo ariko wirinde kuyiringira birenze urugero
Kugira ngo ugereranye mu buryo bufatika, hitamo ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi muri katalogi ushake ubundi bwabaye hafi imyaka 18 mbere cyangwa nyuma yabwo. Niba katalogi itanga nimero za Saros, zikoreshe wemeze isano iri hagati yabwo aho gushingira gusa ku bihe biri kuri kalendari. Gereranya ubwoko bw'ubwirakabiri n'igihe bumara: uko busa cyane byerekana ko imiterere yabwo yasubiyemo, naho itandukaniro rigaragaza ko itsinda ryagiye rihinduka buhoro buhoro.
Ntukandike gusa itariki imwe kuri kalendari, nyuma y'imyaka 18. Iminsi y'inyongera irafite akamaro, kimwe n'amasaha y'inyongera. Koresha kalendari y'ibyiciro by'ukwezi umenye ibihe nyabyo ukwezi kwuzuye kuberaho, hanyuma urebe muri katalogi y'ubwirakabiri umenye ibihe Ukwezi gutangirira kwinjira no gusohoka mu gicucu. Ukwezi kwuzuye kigaragaza ko icyiciro gikenewe kigeze, ariko nticyemeza ko Ukwezi kwinjira mu gicucu cy'Isi.
Hanyuma, tandukanya kuba ubwirakabiri buriho n'uko ushobora kubureba. Imbonerahamwe z'Ukwezi z'imijyi zitanga igihe Ukwezi kurasiraho, igihe kurengeraho, ubutumburuke n'icyerekezo cyako kugira ngo ugenzure uko ikirere cy'aho uri kimeze. Ubwirakabiri bushobora kuba ahantu heza mu miterere y'ibintu byo mu kirere, ariko Ukwezi kukaba kutagaragara hejuru y'aho uri, cyangwa bukaba butangira kukiri hasi inyuma y'inyubako. Saros ikubwira impamvu ikindi kintu gifitanye isano na cyo cyongera kuba; igihe cyaho n'uko ikirere kigaragara ni byo bigena niba ushobora kukibona.