Mwedzi wePasi wakafara chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chehupamhi hwePasi. Izvi zvingaita sezvisina kunyanya kushamisa kusvikira waenzanisa mamwe mapuraneti nemwedzi yawo: kunyange mwedzi mikuru yeJupiter neSaturn ine dhayamita iri chikamu chidiki chete chemapuraneti ayo. Pamapuraneti masere, Pasi ndiro rine mwedzi mukuru kupfuura mimwe yose kana uchienzanisa nehukuru hwepuraneti racho.
Musiyano uyu une zvinhu zviviri zvinofanira kujekeswa. Mwedzi wedu hausi iwo mukuru kupfuura mimwe yose pakukura kwawo chaiko, uye Pasi neMwedzi handizvo zviri pedyo nekuenzana pakukura kana mapuraneti madiki akaverengerwa. Shamwari yaPluto, Charon, yakakura zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nepuraneti rayo. Saka mubvunzo unofadza hausi wokungoti “Mwedzi wakakura zvakadini?” asi kuti “Wakakura kana uchienzaniswa nei?”
Huwandu hunopa nzira inobatsira yekupindura mubvunzo uyu. Hunobatsirawo kusiyanisa pfungwa nhatu dzinowanzovhiringidzwa: kukura kwemuviri, kukosha kwesimba regiravhiti, uye kukura kwaunoita paunoonekwa mudenga. Mepu inodyidzana yesisitimu yezuva inoratidza nzvimbo dzemapuraneti panguva ino; kuenzanisa kuri pasi apa kunotsanangura chimwe chinhu chakasiyana nezvesisitimu iyoyo—musiyano uri pakati pehukuru hwemapuraneti nemwedzi yawo.
Mwedzi wakafara kupfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina chehupamhi hwePasi
Radhiyasi yeMwedzi i1,737.4 km. Tichishandisa radhiyasi yepakati pePasi ingangoita 6,371 km, tikagovanisa radhiyasi yeMwedzi neyePasi tinowana chinenge 0.273. Nemamwe mashoko, Mwedzi wakafara chinenge 27.3% yedhayamita yePasi. Huwandu uhwu hunoshanda zvakafanana paradhiyasi nedhayamita nokuti kupeta zviyero zvose kaviri hakuchinji kuenzana kwazvo.
Fungidzira Pasi riri bhora rakafara 30 cm. Pachiyero ichocho, Mwedzi waizova wakafara anenge 8.2 cm: wakada kufanana neorenji hombe kupfuura dombo diki. Iyi ishamwari yakakura zvinooneka. Asi muenzaniso uyu unoratidzawo dambudziko rinowanzoitika pamifananidzo. Pachinhambwe chepakati che384,400 km pakati pePasi neMwedzi, nzvimbo dziri pakati pemabhora acho dzaizova dzakaparadzana nemamita anenge 9.1. Mufananidzo unoratidza ari pedyo zvikuru unogona kuchengetedza hukuru hwawo hwakaenzana asi uchidzikisa zvikuru nzvimbo isina chinhu iri pakati pawo.
Dhayamita ingori imwe nzira yekuyera hukama hwazvo. Huremu hweMwedzi hunenge chikamu chimwe pamakumi masere nerimwe chehuremu hwePasi, kana kuti anenge 1.2%, kwete 27.3%. Vhoriyamu inokura zvichienderana necube yedhayamita: chinhu chakafara ka0.273 chete chine vhoriyamu ingangoita ka0.020, kana chimiro chacho chakafanana. Izvozvo zvinenge 2%.
Musiyano wasara unobva pakusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri muhuwandu hwakati. Mwedzi une huremu hwakaderera paavhareji pane hwePasi, iro rine mukati maro muhombe une iron yakawanda, zvichiita kuti huremu hwaro huwedzere zvikuru. Saka mwedzi unogona kuratidzika wakakura zvikuru pedyo nepuraneti rawo asi usingasviki pakuva wakaenzana naro musimba regiravhiti. Zvakakosha kusiyanisa dhayamita nehuremu paunenge uchikurukura kana Pasi neMwedzi zvakafanana nepuraneti mbiri.
Mwedzi mikuru inogona kuva shamwari diki kana ichienzaniswa nepuraneti yayo
Ganymede yeJupiter ndiwo mwedzi mukuru kupfuura mimwe yose muSisitimu yeZuva, uye dhayamita yawo ingangoita 5,268 km. Titan yeSaturn ndiyo inotevera, iine dhayamita ingangoita 5,149 km. Mwedzi iyi yose yakafara kupfuura Mercury, uye yakafara zvikuru kupfuura Mwedzi wedu, une dhayamita ye3,474.8 km. Asi hapana unoita kuti puraneti rawo riratidzike sediki.
Tichishandisa madhayamita epakati, Ganymede wakafara chinenge 3.8% cheJupiter. Titan yakafara chinenge 4.4% cheSaturn. Huwandu hwePasi neMwedzi hwe27.3% hunopfuura huwandu ihwohwo kanopfuura katanhatu. Izvi hazvirevi kuti Mwedzi wedu wakakura kakapetwa katanhatu; zvinoreva kuti hukuru hwawo kana uchienzaniswa nepuraneti rawo hunopfuura ihwohwo kakapetwa katanhatu.
Neptune inopa mumwe muenzaniso unobatsira. Mwedzi wayo mukuru, Triton, wakaenzana neanenge 5.5% yedhayamita yeNeptune. Ichi chikamu chikuru kudarika chaGanymede kana Titan, asi chichiri chidiki zvikuru kana chichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwePasi neMwedzi. Mars iri kune rimwe divi rakasiyana: mwedzi yayo miviri midiki, ine zvimiro zvisina kuenzana, midiki zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nepuraneti rayo.
Kuenzanisa uku kunotsanangura kuti nei kuronga mwedzi maererano nedhayamita kusingapinduri mubvunzo wekuti ndeipi sisitimu yemapuraneti ine shamwari inooneka zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nepuraneti rayo. Mwedzi wedu uri pachinzvimbo chechishanu pakati pemwedzi yeSisitimu yeZuva kana tichitarisa kukura chaiko, asi uri pachinzvimbo chekutanga kana uchienzaniswa nepuraneti rawo pamapuraneti masere. Kuti uone runyorwa rwakakura rwemwedzi, verenga gwaro remwedzi yeSisitimu yeZuva; musiyano unokosha pano ndewepakati pechinzvimbo maererano nehukuru chaihwo nehuwandu hwekuenzanisa.
Izvi zvinoita here kuti Pasi neMwedzi zvive mapuraneti maviri?
“Puraneti mbiri” itsananguro inonakidza, asi haina tsananguro yepamutemo inogamuchirwa nevanhu vose. Imwe nzira yakambotaurwa yekuyera izvi ndeyekutarisa panowanikwa pakati pehuremu hwemitumbi miviri yacho. Mitumbi yose iri miviri inotenderera nzvimbo iyi, inonzi barycenter; mudiki hautendereri muhombe wakamira zvachose panzvimbo imwe chete.
Panyika neMwedzi, barycenter iri mukati mePasi. Unogona kufungidzira nzvimbo yayo uchishandisa huwandu hwehuremu. Kana Pasi riine huremu hunenge kakapetwa ka81 hweMwedzi, barycenter inenge iri pachinhambwe chechikamu chimwe pamakumi masere nemaviri chechinhambwe chiri pakati pepakati pemitumbi miviri, kubva pakati pePasi. Tichishandisa chinhambwe chepakati che384,400 km, tinowana anenge 4,700 km. Ichi chidiki pane radhiyasi yePasi inosvika 6,371 km, zvichiisa nzvimbo yacho anenge 1,700 km pasi pevhu maererano nekuverenga kuri nyore uku.
Zvino enzanisa Pluto naCharon. Charon wakafara chinenge hafu yaPluto uye une huremu hunenge chikamu chimwe chete muzvisere chehuremu hwayo. Barycenter yavo iri kunze kwaPluto, zvichiita kuti vave muenzaniso wakajeka zvikuru wepuraneti mbiri dzinotendererana. Pluto inorongwa sepuraneti diki, saka izvi hazvichinji musiyano wePasi pakati pemapuraneti masere.
Nzira yekutarisa barycenter inobatsira, asi haisi mutemo wakakwana wekuisa zvinhu mumapoka. Nzvimbo yayo inotsamira pachinhambwe pamwe chete nehuremu: kana mitumbi miviri yakafanana iyi ikaparadzaniswa zvakanyanya, barycenter inofamba ichibva kure nepakati pemumwe nemumwe. Saka kuva nenzvimbo iri kunze kwemuviri mukuru hakuratidzi pachako kuti pane chimiro che“puraneti mbiri” chinobvumiranwa nevanhu vose. Pasi neMwedzi zvichiri kutorwa sepuraneti nemwedzi waro chaiwo, kunyange Mwedzi wakakura zvisina kujairika kana uchienzaniswa nePasi.
Chiratidzo chinobatsira kunzwisisa mavambo eMwedzi
Kukura kukuru kweMwedzi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvinofanira kutsanangurwa nedzidziso yemavambo awo. Tsananguro inonyanya kugamuchirwa ndeyekurovana kukuru: pakutanga kwenhoroondo yePasi, kudhumhana kukuru kwakakanda zvinhu zvimwe mukutenderera, uye Mwedzi wakaumbwa kubva kumarara ainge achitenderera. Pfungwa huru iyi inotsigirwa zvakanaka, asi mamiriro chaiwo ekudhumhana kwacho uye zvakazoitika zvinoramba zvichiongororwa.
Kukura kwawo kwega hakuratidzi kuti tsananguro iyoyo ndeyechokwadi. Masayendisiti anotarisawo simba rekutenderera resisitimu yacho, musimboti wesimbi weMwedzi uri mudiki kana uchienzaniswa nehukuru hwawo, pamwe nekufanana kwemakemikari nemaisotopu ari muzvinhu zvePasi nezveMwedzi. Tsananguro inobudirira inofanira kutsanangura zvose izvi pamwe chete, kwete kungoburitsa mwedzi mukuru mukuedza kwekombiyuta.
Izvi zvakasiyana netsananguro inowanzoshandiswa kumwedzi mikuru, yakatenderera zvakanaka yemapuraneti makuru, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti yakaumbwa mukati memadhisiki egasi nezvimedu zvakasimba zvakakomberedza mapuraneti awo paaikura. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuumbwa dzinogona kuita kuti huwandu hwehukuru pakati pepuraneti neshamwari dzaro husiyane. Hapana chikonzero chekuti sisitimu yemapuraneti imwe neimwe ive kopi yakangodzikiswa kana kukuriswa yemamwe.
Kuumbwa nekushanduka kwakazotevera zvinofanirawo kutariswa sezvinhu zvakasiyana. Kudyidzana kwemafungu egiravhiti kwakachinja sisitimu yePasi neMwedzi nekufamba kwenguva, uye Mwedzi uri kuramba uchibva paPasi nemwero unosvika 3.8 cm pagore. Izvi zvinoshandura chinhambwe chiri pakati pazvo, kwete huwandu hwemadhayamita azvo. Kudyidzana kumwe chete uku kunobatsirawo kutsanangura hukama hwazvo hwekutenderera pamwe nekutenderera kwazvinoita panzvimbo pazvo, zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino yekuti nei tichigara tichiona divi rimwe chete reMwedzi.
Nei shamwari huru ichiri kuratidzika diki mudenga
Hukuru hweMwedzi kana uchienzaniswa nePasi hauna kufanana nehukuru hwaunoonekwa nahwo nemunhu ari paPasi. Chinokosha pakuona uku idhayamita yeMwedzi yakagovaniswa nechinhambwe chiri pakati pawo newe. Tichishandisa dhayamita yayo ye3,474.8 km nechinhambwe chepakati che384,400 km pakati pepakati pePasi neMwedzi, tinowana dhayamita yemakona inosvika 0.52 madhigirii. Iyi ifungidziro inobatsira, kwete fungidziro chaiyo yenzvimbo yakati yekuona.
Ndosaka shamwari inopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina chehupamhi hwePasi ichingotora chikamu chidiki chete chedenga. Nzvimbo iri pakati pemitumbi iyi yakakura zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nedhayamita yeimwe neimwe. Dai Mwedzi waiva kure zvikuru, waizoratidzika uri mudiki pasina kuchinja kukura kwawo chaiko kana huwandu hwawo hukuru hweMwedzi kana uchienzaniswa nePasi.
Musiyano uyu unobatsira kuongorora mapikicha eMwedzi. Mapikicha akatorwa nemalensi ane kureba kwakasiyana, akachekwa nenzira dzakasiyana, kana kuti ane zvinhu zvepamberi zvakarongwa zvakasiyana haagoni kuratidza kuti kukura chaiko kweMwedzi kwachinja. Kuenzanisa zvine musoro kwedhayamita inoonekwa kunoda kuti chikero chemifananidzo chive chakafanana. Madheshibhodhi eMwedzi emaguta anopa chinhambwe, kukwirira uye azimuth pamwe chete nechikamu cheMwedzi chinovhenekerwa, zvichikupa mashoko anobatsira pakunyora zvawaona. Chengeta marongerwo ekamera asina kuchinja, nyora chinhambwe, uye unogona kuongorora kuchinja kunoita Mwedzi paunoonekwa usingakanganisi izvi nemubvunzo unokosha zvikuru wekuti shamwari yedu yakakura zvakadini kana ichienzaniswa nePasi.