INyanga epheleleyo inokuba namagama angaphezu kwelinye, yaye amagama aqhelekileyo esiNgesini awasetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo. INyanga yeNgcuka, eyeKhephu neyeNtshulube zidla ngokunxulunyaniswa neemeko zamaxesha onyaka okanye nezinto ezenziwa zizilwanyana, kanti iNyanga yesivuno inentsingiselo yekhalenda ethe ngqo ngakumbi. Amabali asemva kwawo adibanisa oko kwaqatshelwayo, amasiko nokubalisa okwathi kongezelelwa kamva—awayonxalenye yenkqubo enye esemthethweni yokubiza iNyanga.
Lo mahluko ubalulekile kuba ingcaciso ekhumbulekayo ayisoloko iyimvelaphi eqinisekisiweyo. Amanye amagama aneengcaciso ezininzi ezinokubakho, yaye igama elinxulunyaniswa noluntu oluthile okanye ne-almanaka ethile lisenokungabameli bonke abantu abahlala kuloo ngingqi. Ukujonga la magama njengeempawu zenkcubeko, kungekhona njengamaqela eenkwenkwezi, kwenza kube lula ukuqonda indlela ezahlukahluka ngayo.
INyanga enye, amasiko amaninzi okuyibiza
Izigaba zeNyanga zilandela umjikelo ozinzileyo, kodwa iinyanga zekhalenda azilandeli wona. INyanga epheleleyo ibuya emva kweentsuku ezimalunga ne-29.53059, ngoko ke umhla wayo uyatshintsha inyanga nenyanga. Ngenxa yoko, isigaba esinye sinokuchazwa ngegama lonyaka, ngegama lenyanga yekhalenda, ngesikhumbuzo senkolo okanye senkcubeko, okanye ngegama lendawo elinxulumene noko abantu bakuphawulayo ngaphandle.
Uluhlu lwesiNgesi ludla ngokuqokelela amagama kwimithombo engaphezu kwenye luze luwabeke ngokulandelelana okucocekileyo, igama elinye ngenyanga. Le ndlela iluncedo, kodwa inokwenza amasiko awahlukileyo abonakale efana ngakumbi kunokuba enjalo. Amagama anokwahluka phakathi koluntu, yaye igama elifanayo linokuba neengcaciso ezahlukileyo. Iimpawu ezinxulumene namaxesha onyaka nazo zixhomekeke kwindawo: iimpawu zobusika kwenye ihemisfere zihambelana nehlobo kwenye.
Isikhokelo samagama eNyanga epheleleyo sibonisa amagama ngeenyanga kwiinkcubeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ezaseMelika yexesha lobukoloniyali, ezamaCelt, ezamaTshayina, ezamaHindu, ezamaJapan, ezamaSilamsi, ezama-Ojibwe nezamaCree. Ukubona iinkqubo ezininzi zokubiza iNyanga kunye kusikhumbuza ukuba uluhlu lwesiNgesi oluqhelekileyo luyimbono enye yenkcubeko phakathi kwezininzi, asiyokhalenda yeNyanga esetyenziswa ngumntu wonke.
INyanga yeNgcuka: igama lasebusika elinemvelaphi engaqinisekanga
INyanga yeNgcuka ligama eliqhelekileyo leNyanga epheleleyo kaJanuwari kwizintlu zesiNgesi. Ingcaciso eyaziwayo yeli gama ilinxulumanisa neengcuka eziviwa zikhala ebusika. Olo nxulumano luyavakala njengokubalisa kwamaxesha onyaka: ubusuku basebusika bude, yaye iingcuka zizilwanyana eziphawuleka kakhulu kwimimandla emininzi esemantla. Kodwa le ngcaciso inomtsalane ayiqinisekisi imvelaphi ethile yembali, ingqine nokuba lonke uluntu olusebenzisa igama elifanayo lwaluthetha into enye.
INyanga epheleleyo ayibangeli ukuba iingcuka zikhale. Ukukhala yindlela yokunxibelelana, yaye indlela esiziphatha ngayo esi silwanyana ayilawulwa sisigaba seNyanga ngendlela enokucingwa ligama. Kungcono ukuqonda eli gama njengenkcazelo yabantu ngexesha lonyaka—indlela yokunxulumanisa ixesha eliphindaphindayo kwikhalenda yeNyanga nezandi okanye amabali anxulumene nobusika.
Le yindlela eluncedo yokufunda amagama eNyanga ngokubanzi. Anokusixelela ngezinto abantu ababeziqaphela, ababezoyika, ababezibhiyozela okanye ekwakufuneka bazikhumbule, nokuba indlela elisuka ngayo ibinzana lakudala liye kwinkcazelo yanamhlanje ayibhalwanga ngokupheleleyo. Ukujonga iNyanga yeNgcuka njengegama lenkcubeko kungekhona njengohlelo lwenzululwazi kugcina umdla walo ngaphandle kokuguqula intsomi ibe libango ngendlela eziziphatha ngayo izilwanyana.
IiNyanga zeKhephu neNtshulube zibonisa utshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka
INyanga yeKhephu idla ngokunxulunyaniswa noFebruwari nekhephu elininzi kwiindawo ezithile ezikwiHemisfere eseMantla. Eli gama libonisa oko kulindelekileyo ngokwexesha lonyaka, alisosibikezelo: iNyanga yeKhephu inokukhanya kubusuku obungenamafu nobupholileyo, yaye igama alithethi nto ngemozulu kwidolophu ethile. Njengamagama amaninzi eNyanga, linentsingiselo engakumbi xa lijongwa kwimeko yalo yokuqala yemozulu nenkcubeko.
INyanga yeNtshulube idla ngokunxulunyaniswa noMatshi. Enye yeengcaciso ezaziwayo ithi imisundululu iyavela xa umhlaba unyibilika; enye yona inxulumanisa eli gama neempawu zotshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka, kuquka ukubuya kweentaka ezitya izinto ezivele emhlabeni. Ezi ngcaciso zibonisa izinto ezinokwenzeka, kodwa akufuneki ziboniswe njengeyona mvelaphi inye neqinisekileyo yegama. Igama linokufumana iingcaciso ezininzi njengoko liphindaphindwa lize litshintshwe.
Ukulandelelana kwekhephu neentshulube kuyavakala njengebali lasekuhlaleni elibonisa ubusika buyehla kuze kungene intwasahlobo kwiindawo ezisemantla ezinemozulu epholileyo. Asiyonkqubo yamaxesha onyaka yehlabathi lonke. KwiHemisfere eseMazantsi, uMatshi usekwindla, yaye amaxesha onyaka, imozulu neekhalenda zalapho zichaza ukuba zeziphi iintlobano neNyanga ezivakala zinentsingiselo. Kwanakwingingqi enye, igama lisenokuba luphawu olusisafobe kunenkcazelo echanileyo yeemeko ezikhoyo ngobusuku beNyanga epheleleyo.
INyanga yesivuno inentsingiselo echazwe ngokwekhalenda
INyanga yesivuno yahlukile kumagama abonisa ubukhulu becala ixesha lonyaka okanye uphawu lwendalo. Ngokwenkcazelo yale sayithi, yiNyanga epheleleyo ekufutshane kakhulu ne-equinox kaSeptemba. Eli gama lidla ngokucaciswa ngokunxulumana nomsebenzi wokuvuna: ngeli xesha, iiNyanga ezipheleleyo ziphuma kufutshane nokutshona kwelanga ngeengokuhlwa ezilandelelanayo, zinike ukukhanya kwendalo okongezelelekileyo emva kwemini. Ixesha kanye nendlela okunceda ngayo oko kukhanya kuxhomekeke kwindawo nakumhla, kodwa unxulumano phakathi kokukhanya kweNyanga nomsebenzi wangokuhlwa lulo olwenza eli gama lihlale linomtsalane.
INyanga yesivuno ayisoloko iyiNyanga epheleleyo kaSeptemba ngokwayo. Ukuba enye iNyanga epheleleyo ikufutshane kunezinye kwi-equinox kaSeptemba, leyo ithiywa ngeli gama ngokwale nkcazelo. Eli gama alithethi nokuba isityalo esithile sikulungele ukuvunwa kuyo yonke indawo. Linxulumanisa isiganeko seenkwenkwezi nexesha elithile kwikhalenda yamaxesha onyaka, ngoxa intsingiselo ebonakalayo yokuvuna isahluka ngokwengingqi nangokwesithethe sokulima.
Ikhalenda yezigaba zeNyanga inika amaxesha achanekileyo eeNyanga ezintsha, zekota yokuqala, ezipheleleyo nezikota yokugqibela, inyanga nenyanga. Ukudibanisa loo maxesha neemeko zalapho kunceda ukucacisa isizathu sokuba iNyanga epheleleyo enegama ibonakale ngeentsuku zasekuhlaleni ezahlukileyo, kwanokuba igama lodwa alikuxeleli ukuba iNyanga iphuma nini kwindawo ohlala kuyo.
Sebenzisa amagama njengezalathisi, hayi njengezibikezelo zokubukela isibhakabhaka
Igama linokukunceda ukhumbule ixesha lokukhangela iNyanga, kodwa alinakukuxelela ukuba iya kuba ngaphezu komgca obonakalayo wolundi, iza kubonakala iphakamile kangakanani, okanye amafu aya kuyifihla na. Ezo zinto zixhomekeke kumhla nakwindawo okuyo. Ngomhla othile wokuzalwa okanye umhla wembali, isixhobo sokujonga iNyanga ngomhla wokuzalwa sibonisa isigaba seNyanga, inqanaba lokukhanya kwayo kunye nobudala bayo, ngemihla esusela ku-1900 ukuya ku-2100. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi lwesibhakabhaka lwendawo yakho, ideshibhodi yeNyanga yaseLondon ibonisa isigaba sangoku nenqanaba lokukhanya, ukuphuma nokutshona kweNyanga, ukuphakama kwayo ne-azimuth, umgama, kunye nembonakalo yesibhakabhaka enemozulu yalapho.
Abafoti neentsapho banokusebenzisa igama lesithethe njengomxholo wobusuku bokubukela isibhakabhaka, baze bajonge iimeko zokwenene zesibhakabhaka zalapho kunokuxhomekeka egameni. Umhla nexesha lokuphuma kweNyanga epheleleyo zinokuwela kwiintsuku ezahlukileyo zekhalenda yasekuhlaleni ngokuxhomekeke kummandla wexesha, yaye iNyanga eqaqambileyo inokwenza iinkwenkwezi ezifipheleyo zingabonakali kakuhle nokuba isibhakabhaka asinamafu. Igama linika ibali labantu; ikhalenda nembonakalo yalapho zinika iinkcukacha eziluncedo.
Yindibaniselwano yebali, yendawo neyoko kuqatshelwayo eyenza amagama eNyanga epheleleyo aqhubeke eluncedo naxa imvelaphi yawo ixoxwa. INyanga yeNgcuka, eyeKhephu neyeNtshulube zichaza unxulumano abantu abalunike amaxesha onyaka aphindaphindayo. INyanga yesivuno yona ikwachaza unxulumano oluthile phakathi kweNyanga epheleleyo ne-equinox kaSeptemba. Akukho nalinye kula magama elitshintsha indlela iNyanga ejikeleza ngayo, kodwa ngalinye linika indlela yokunxulumanisa umjikelo wasezulwini oqikelekayo neendlela ezahlukeneyo abantu abawava ngayo unyaka.