Inyanga ecwebileyo ebhityileyo ezantsi esibhakabhakeni sangokuhlwa inokuphawula utshintsho olukhulu kwikhalenda yamaSilamsi: ukuqala kweRamadan, ukufika kwe-Eid al-Fitr, okanye ukuqala kwenye inyanga esekelwe enyangeni. Kodwa inyanga ecwebileyo ayisosalathisi nje somhla esibhakabhakeni esinokubonwa ngumntu wonke eMhlabeni ngaxeshanye. Ukubonakala kwayo kuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo iNyanga, kwindawo akuyo umjongi, kwiimeko zomoya nakwimithetho elandelwa luluntu.
Ikhalenda yamaSilamsi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yikhalenda yeHijri, ineenyanga ezili-12 ezisekelwe enyangeni. Ngokungafaniyo neekhalenda ezigcina iinyanga zihambelana namaxesha onyaka, yona ayidli ngokufaka inyanga eyongezelelweyo ukuze ilungelelaniswe nonyaka welanga. Ngoko ke, kukho izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezimisela imihla yayo: inyanga ecwebileyo inceda ekumiseleni inyanga yekhalenda, logama unyaka omfutshane osekelwe enyangeni uhambisa ezo nyanga kumaxesha onyaka. Inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi ichaza isingqi esisisiseko, kodwa izenzo zonqulo nezolawulo zizo ezimisela indlela eso singqi esiba yikhalenda ngayo.
Inyanga entsha ayithethi ukuba kubonakala inyanga ecwebileyo okokuqala
Kwinzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, inyanga entsha lixesha elichanekileyo lokudibana kweLanga neNyanga, xa zinobude obufanayo kwi-ecliptic xa zijongwe zisuka eMhlabeni. Ngelo xesha, ubuso beNyanga obukhanyiswe yiLanga bujonge ikakhulu kude nathi. INyanga ikwabonakala ikufutshane neLanga esibhakabhakeni, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umphetho wayo obhityileyo okhanyisiweyo kube nzima kakhulu, okanye kube nzima kwaphela, ukuwubona.
Inyanga ecwebileyo esetyenziswa ukuqala inyanga yamaSilamsi sisiganeko esahlukileyo: kukubonakala kweNyanga eselula, ekhula ngokukhanya emva kokudibana kweLanga neNyanga, edla ngokukhangelwa esibhakabhakeni ngasentshona emva kokutshona kwelanga. Le nyanga ecwebileyo idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yihilal. Ixesha lokudibana kweLanga neNyanga lixesha elibalwe ngokuchanekileyo elifanayo kwihlabathi liphela; ukubonakala kwenyanga ecwebileyo kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zaloo ndawo, kwaye kwenzeka emva koko.
Lo mahluko ubalulekile xa ufunda ikhalenda yezigaba zeNyanga enamaxesha achanekileyo enyanga entsha. Ixesha lenyanga entsha elidwelisiweyo alithethi ukuba inyanga ecwebileyo iya kubonakala ngobo busuku, kwaye ngokwalo alimiseli usuku lokuqala lwenyanga yonqulo. Ixesha eliphakathi kweenyanga ezintsha ezimbini ezilandelelanayo ngokweenkwenkwezi limalunga neentsuku ezingama-29.53059. Iinyanga zekhalenda kufuneka zibe neentsuku ezipheleleyo, ngoko iinyanga zamaSilamsi ziba neentsuku ezingama-29 okanye ezingama-30, kungekhona inani leentsuku elinamaqhezu.
Isizathu sokuba kube nzima ukubona ezinye iinyanga ezisencinci
Ixesha elidluleyo ukususela ekudibaneni kweLanga neNyanga, elidla ngokubizwa ngokuba bubudala beNyanga, lichaza inxalenye nje yokubonakala kwayo. Njengoko iNyanga isiya ngasempuma xa ithelekiswa neLanga, ubuso bayo obukhanyiswe lilanga buya busiba ninzi, yaye umgama wayo obonakalayo ukusuka eLangeni uyanda. Kodwa umjongi kufuneka akwazi nokuyibona inyanga ecwebileyo iphakame ngokwaneleyo ngaphezu komgca womhlaba ngoxa isibhakabhaka sangokuhlwa sisiba mnyama.
I-engile yendlela ehamba ngayo iNyanga xa ithelekiswa nomgca womhlaba yenza umahluko omkhulu. Ngesinye isihlandlo, inyanga ecwebileyo isenokuba phezulu ngokwentelekiso ngaphezu kwendawo elitshona kuyo iLanga, kodwa kwesinye isihlandlo ibe kufutshane kakhulu nomgca womhlaba. Ububanzi belizwe ukusuka kwiikhweyitha kunye nexesha lonyaka ziyayitshintsha le ndlela. Ngoko ke, iinyanga ezimbini ezineminyaka efanayo zinokwahluka kakhulu ngobunzima bokuzibona, nangaphambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe amafu.
Kukwakho nogqatso phakathi kokuphela kobumnyama bangorhatya nokutshona kweNyanga. Kanye emva kokutshona kwelanga, isibhakabhaka sisenokuba sisakhanya kakhulu; kamva, inyanga ecwebileyo isenokuba sele itshone kwinkungu okanye itshonile ngokupheleleyo. Ixesha eliphakathi kokutshona kwelanga nokutshona kweNyanga liluncedo, kodwa aliqinisekisi ukuba iya kubonakala. Uthuli, ukufuma, amafu abhityileyo, ukucaca komoya namava omjongi zonke zibalulekile. Akukho mda mnye wobudala beNyanga oqinisekisa ukuba iya kubonakala ngeliso lenyama kuyo yonke indawo.
Ukuqala kosuku ngokuhlwa nemihla yokuqala eyahlukileyo
Kwizithethe zonqulo, usuku lwamaSilamsi luqala ekutshoneni kwelanga, kungekhona ezinzulwini zobusuku. Ngoko ke, ubusuku obuqalisa usuku lokuqala lweRamadan bufika ngaphambi kokuzila ukutya kwaloo mini, ukususela ekuzeni kokusa ukuya ekutshoneni kwelanga. Ngokufanayo, isaziso esenziwa emva kokujongwa kwenyanga ecwebileyo ngokuhlwa sibhekisa kusuku olusele luqalile ngokwale ndlela yokubala esekelwe ekutshoneni kwelanga, nangona umhla wekhalenda yoluntu ungatshintshi de kube sezinzulwini zobusuku.
Kwindlela yokujonga inyanga elandelwa kakhulu, abantu bajonga inyanga ecwebileyo entsha emva kokutshona kwelanga ngosuku lwama-29 lwenyanga ephelayo. Ukuba ukubonakala kwayo kuyamkelwa njengobungqina bokuba inyanga entsha iqalile, iqala ngobo busuku. Ukuba ayibonakali, inyanga ephelayo igqityezelwa ibe neentsuku ezingama-30. Iimfuno ezichanekileyo zokwamkela ubungqina nokusebenzisa lo mgaqo ziyahluka ngokwegunya elilawulayo.
Uluntu lusenokwahluka nangokuphathelele indawo ekujongwe kuyo xa kugqitywa ukuba kukuphi ukubonakala okwamkelekileyo. Olunye uluntu lusebenzisa ukubonakala kwendawo okanye kommandla walo; olunye lwamkela ukubonakala okukude ngokwemithetho oluyilandelayo. Lunokwahluka nangokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubona okanye indima yezibalo. Ngoko ke, imihla yokuqala eyahlukileyo ayithethi ukuba kukho umntu obale indawo yeNyanga ngokungachanekanga. Amaqela asenokuba asebenzisa imigaqo eyahlukileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuyibona.
Isizathu sokuba iRamadan ijikeleze amaxesha onyaka
Ukuhamba kwayo kumaxesha onyaka kubangelwa ngokuthe ngqo yindlela yokubala yale khalenda. Xa kusetyenziswa umjikelo ophakathi weNyanga, 12 × 29.53059 zenza 354.36708 iintsuku. Iminyaka yekhalenda yamaSilamsi iba neentsuku ezipheleleyo ezingama-354 okanye ezingama-355, ngokuxhomekeke kulandelelwano lweenyanga nakwindlela yekhalenda esetyenziswayo. Nokuba kunjalo, imfutshane kunonyaka welanga, omalunga neentsuku ezingama-365¼.
Umahluko umalunga neentsuku ezili-11 ngonyaka welanga. Ngenxa yoko, iRamadan idla ngokuqala malunga neentsuku ezili-10 okanye ezili-11 ngaphambilana kwikhalenda kaGregory kwixesha ngalinye elilandelayo. Kwisithuba esimalunga neminyaka engama-33 yelanga, idlula kuwo wonke umjikelo wamaxesha onyaka. Olu tshintsho lwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe, alukho ngesiquphe: emva kweRamadan eyenzeka ehlotyeni, elandelayo iqala ngaphambilana kancinane kwikhalenda yelanga.
Isizathu kukuba akukho nyanga yongezelelweyo ifakwayo ukuze kulungiswe amaxesha onyaka. Iikhalenda ezidibanisa imijikelo yeLanga neNyanga zifaka inyanga eyongezelelweyo kwiminyaka ethile ukuze iinyanga zazo zihlale zikufutshane namaxesha athile onyaka; ikhalenda yamaSilamsi yonqulo ayikwenzi oko. Iinyanga zayo zihlala zibotshelelwe kwiNyanga endaweni yoko.
Oku kunempembelelo ngokweendawo ezimi kuzo emhlabeni. Xa iRamadan isenzeka ehlotyeni kuMntla weIkhweyitha, iba sebusika kuMazantsi weIkhweyitha. Ngoko ke, le nyanga inegama elifanayo inokuthetha ukuzila ukutya iiyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwemini kummandla othile, neeyure ezimbalwa komnye. Inyanga esekelwe enyangeni inendawo ezinzileyo kulandelelwano lwekhalenda, kodwa ayinalo ixesha lonyaka esisigxina.
Iikhalenda ezisekelwe ekubonweni kwenyanga nezibalo
Ibinzana elithi “ikhalenda yamaSilamsi” linokubhekisa kwiindlela ezininzi zokumisela imihla ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo olufanayo lweenyanga ezili-12. Iindlela zokujonga inyanga zixhomekeke ekubonakaleni kwayo okwamkelweyo. Ezinye iindlela zisebenzisa izibalo ngeenkwenkwezi, maxa wambi ukuqikelela ukuba inyanga ecwebileyo iya kubonakala na, maxa wambi ukusebenzisa umgaqo othile ophathelele ukudibana kweLanga neNyanga, ukutshona kwelanga okanye ukutshona kweNyanga. Ezi ndlela azifani zonke.
Ikhalenda yamaSilamsi esekelwe kwitheyibhile isebenzisa enye indlela: isebenzisa ulandelelwano lwezibalo lobude beenyanga neentsuku zonyaka onekabisi, endaweni yokugqiba inyanga nganye ngokujonga okutsha. Ezi khalenda ziluncedo ekuguquleni imihla nasekuphandeni imbali, kodwa umhla oguquliweyo awuthi ngokuzenzekelayo ube ngumhla owabonwa luluntu oluthile. Iirekhodi zembali zisenokungaqiniseki ngendawo okanye indlela yokubala eyayisetyenziswa.
Izibalo nokujonga inyanga akufuneki kujongwe njengezinto ezichaseneyo. Izibalo ngeenkwenkwezi zinokubonisa indawo ekufanele ukuba iNyanga ikuyo, zize zincede ekuhloleni ingxelo yokuba ibonakele. Umbuzo wonqulo ngowokuba bubuphi ubungqina obamkelwa ligunya elilawulayo njengobaneleyo ukuqalisa inyanga.
Ngenxa yoko, umhla weHijri okwi-app yekhalenda, imephu yokuqikelela ukubonakala kwenyanga nesaziso soluntu ziphendula imibuzo enxulumene kodwa eyahlukileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba uzithelekise, qinisekisa ukuba nganye kuzo imele ukuguqulwa komhla ngezibalo, umgaqo weenkwenkwezi okanye ukubonakala okwamkelweyo.
Indlela yokucwangcisa ukujonga inyanga ecwebileyo ngaphandle kokwenza amabango angaxhaswanga
Qala ngendawo oza kujonga kuyo kunokuba usebenzise nje uphawu lwesigaba seNyanga olungangqinelani nendawo. Sebenzisa ukukhangela isixeko ukuze ufumane ulwazi lweNyanga lwendawo okuyo uze ujonge ixesha lokutshona kweNyanga, ukuphakama kwayo, icala ejonge ngakulo nesibhakabhaka ngokwemozulu yendawo. Oku kunceda ekuphenduleni imibuzo esebenzayo: umele ujonge kweliphi icala, ingaba iNyanga ingaphezu komgca womhlaba, yaye iimeko zinokuthintela ukuyibona? Oku akusiso isigqibo esisemthethweni sokuba inyanga ecwebileyo iya kubonakala na.
Ngokomzekelo, ulwazi lweNyanga lwaseLondon lubonisa iinkcukacha zendawo ezinxulumene nokuyibona eLondon. Akufanele kucingelwe ukuba indawo ekuyo iNyanga apho ifana neyakwisixeko esikude. Indawo efanelekileyo yokuyibukela inesibhakabhaka esivulekileyo ngasentshona, engenazakhiwo okanye iinduli zikufuphi ezifihla isibhakabhaka esisezantsi. Linda de litshone ngokupheleleyo iLanga ngaphambi kokuba ukhangele, yaye ungaze ujolise iibhinotyhulasi okanye iteleskopu ngaseLangeni.
Ukuba ufuna ingcaciso engakumbi ngesizathu sokutshintsha kobume obukhanyisiweyo, isikhokelo esimalunga nezigaba zeNyanga sichaza lo mjikelo. Xa unika ingxelo yokuyibona, bhala indawo okuyo, ixesha lokujonga, iimeko zesibhakabhaka nokuba usebenzise izixhobo zokubona kusini na. Ezi nkcukacha zenza ingxelo ibe luncedo ngakumbi kunefoto engenangcaciso.
Okokugqibela, yahlula phakathi kokubukela isibhakabhaka ngokwakho nokumisela umhla wonqulo. Ukuba awuphumelelanga ukuyibona, oko kungqina kuphela ukuba awuyibonanga phantsi kwezo meko. Nokuba ucinga ukuba uyibonile, loo ngxelo isafuna ukuhlolwa ngokweenkqubo zoluntu olufanelekileyo. Xa kufikwa ekuqaleni kokuzila ukutya okanye komthendeleko, landela isaziso segunya okanye soluntu olusebenzisa ikhalenda yalo.