Nge-Apreli 1, 2026, Uhlelo lwePhepha-Indawo lweNASA luzosukela ku-Kennedy Space Center lulondoloza abantu abane kuhambo olwenziwe umuntu kungekhona ngaphezu kwehhafu yekhulu. U-Artemis 2 umuntu wokuqala ondlalwa-umuntu ngaphezu kwe-Low Earth Orbit kusukela ku-Apollo 17 ngo-Disemba 1972. Linganiso elingaba u-10 usuku, umuntu uzozungeza inyanga ubuyele ekhaya — nakunyesigamu sesigamu sengalo, ibhalansi yabo izoshayela ngokungcishe kwehlukile kunethwa sakithi Ezulwini.
Abantu Abenza Umlando
Umdlalo we-Artemis 2 umele izinguquko zezinhloko kusukela kukhanda lwe-Apollo. Umkosi Reid Wiseman, umuntu osikhibi weNivide kanye nomuntu owayefika ekusebenzeni iNtanthazo yeKhalamuzu Yezulu, ayele umdlalo. Ishumela Victor Glover, okwakusukela ku-SpaceX Crew-1, uzoba yomuntu wokuqala owenabuhle okundluluza ngaphezu kwe-Earth Orbit.
Umuntu Omsebenzi Christina Koch ubambe irekhodi lokushayela kwamakhononono - umuntu owawukhonona isikhathi esingakumnyaka omumbuzi (328) engilizweni ye-International Space Station ngo-2019-2020. Uzoba yowesifazane owokuqala oshayela kunyanga. Inhloso ye-Canadian Space Agency Jeremy Hansen, umuntu owayefika ku-CF-18 umlwane, umuntu wokuqala wase-Canada futhi umuntu wokuqala ongamuMelika owashiya Umhlangano weZulu.
Umbuzo Womdlalo
U-Artemis 2 ulandelela indlela yokubuyela kyamahhala — indlela yokushayela esebenzisa umbilizi weZulu namahhala kugubhe igama empela, ubuke abantu impilo.ishuli lihluka ezigabeni:
Iraki ye-SLS ibekela iOrion ezulwini ephezulu leZulu. Emva kwayo ubuhle buficweni, imofu ye-Orion ishayela ukubekela umuntu kuhambo lwesikhashana esisine kunyanga. Abantu bazoshayela ecikizleni abangethi 6,500 imikhuleke (10,400 ikhilomithali) phansi kwempumelelo yokunyanga ngaphambi kokubuyela uZulu. Isikhathi esiphelele somdlalo siyindawo u-10 usuku, okuphothulwa ne-splashdown ku-Okeani wesizuse.
Ngesikhathi sokushayela, umuntu uzogoba izihloko zokunethwa kwesikhathi se-Orion ngaphambi kokuqala kwakabani — ukuhlola izinkinga, ukulandela izithunzi, izikhungo zokunxulumana, kanye nendlela yesimo esiphethe, umuntu oyobheka onke nje ngaphambi kokuba uNASA athumele abantu kunyanga elidlalwa.
Ukugubha Isikhathi Ngesikhathi Sangempela
Apha kulapho umdlalo unxulumene nento eyingxwanyana kumahhala okuphela. Njengoba umuntu kaArtemis 2 usolwazi ngezikhala zeCislunar futhi avuka kunyanga, bazobheka ubuhle bezulu. Ithiyori yomuntu kaEinstein yokuphakamisa ikhokhela sithi isikhathi shoyela ngokushesha izigogodlaneni zamahhala ezifinyelele — futhi unyanga unyanga yisikhathi sesithupha leZulu.
Lobu ubusuku okunye Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) yenziwe ukuqoqa. Ibhalansi enomphela noma ecikizleni kunyanga ishayela ungethi 56.02 microseconds ibanga leZulu ebubeni beZulu. Kungekhona u-10 usuku womdlalo weArtemis 2, ibhalansi yomuntu eyohlela ibhali lizoblanwisa isigingci isikhashana sikazulu.
Iabantu be-Apollo bona nayo isikhathi esishintshayo esihlangene, leyo impumelelo yakhe yayingumuntu wokubukhanya. Okwenqaba uArtemis, ikhampani esikhashana kubalulekile. Imibuzo yesishielu izichungechunge kumuntu wokufinyelela, isikhashana sokuqondana, neziphakamiso kunyanga ye-GPS. uArtemis 2 umuntu wokuqala ozoba umuntu ocikela inhloso yalezi zezekezelo.
KusukuKu-Artemis 1 KuArtemis 2
Artemis 1 yasulwa ngo-Novemba 2022 njengokusukelwa komuntu omuntu, ithumela iOrion ngolu hambo olwalusiganu sesiganu negolo ngokuzungeza inyanga. Umdlalo owayevala ibhalansi ye-SLS kanye ne-heat shield ye-Orion, eyayidingelwe ukuba iqinise izikala azisigamu ezingamashumi anambili (5,000) amaFahrenheit ngesikhathi sokubuya endaweni e-25,000 i-mph — isithupha esihubhekile esisohlobo sokukunemela umuntu.
Ababuni bakhe bahlukunyela ukuphazamisa i-heat shield ekuseni kwe-Artemis 1. Esikhundleni sokubekela i-shield, NASA yahlukanisa indlela yokubuya kuArtemis 2, isebenzise i-angle entenkilile eyanciphisa isikhathi esisoseni okubambayo. Ukulandelwa okungekhona kumele kuthiwe imodeli yakho ihamba naphakathi kwezincwadi zonke nokuba kuyikheli.
Artemis 2 ifushane kunomuntu Artemis 1 — ungethi u-10 usuku ubheke na-25 — ngenxa sokuba injongo yayo enkulu yikhompilo onke izinkuthazi zomuntu. Umuntu uzobonisa futhi ukulungisa namakhompu angakaze asetshenziswe, amakhompuvu akele iNasa kukunkhola nokuhlala naMuli Gatewe ngezikhathi ezizayo.
Okuwela Kuzothiwa
Umdlalo ngamunye weArtemis uzokha ngephalamende lokuba nomu-omuntu ozingqongqo Ezulwini:
uArtemis 3, owambiwe kule-mid-2027, uzofaka ukuwela nokuvala endaweni elifakile leEarth enesithanzi sokubekela unyanga owenziwe -SpaceX Starship Human Landing System kanye neBlue Origin Blue Moon. Umuntu uzofaka nokuhlola isikhwele esisha sikaAxiom esisiko kunqoba kwenyanga.
uArtemis 4, okuthembile 2028 noma kuhamba ilinye, kubalikelwe ukuba kube umdlalo wokuqala wokulula umuntu ekunene kunyanga ukuze uhlale izinsuku ezinzima. Ngalesosikhathi, isidingo seinhloso yokwemuqo kwesikhathi sokunyanga izobonakala ngokukhawuleza — umuntu wesigaba, imibendu yezulu, kanye nokubekela umdlalo kusukela kuZulu bonke badinga isigaba sikhathi somuntu ofanele abengaqonde ngaphandle kwesikhathi.
Langela Umdlalo Ngesikhathi Sokunyanga
Njengoba uArtemis 2 uzozungeza unyanga, ungakwazi ukulandela ngakusebenzisa ihora lokushayela isikhathi esilungile kunyanga elisaytini. Ihora lishayela inzuzo ye +56.02 microseconds ngsuku ukuya ku-UTC, equmulwe kusukela ku-J2000.0 epoch — umuntu omfaneko wesikhathi oseshintshayo umutu kaArtemis 2 ozobona ngqo ngesikhathi aphakamise uZulu kunomuntu ngaphezu kunamashumi amahlanu ngonyaka.