Impendulo emfushane incike ekutheni ukubala kwenziwa nini nokuthi yini efaneleka njengenyanga eqinisekisiwe. Isithombe esiwusizo sesikhathi esithile uhlu lwango-2023: lwabalwa iziphuphutheki zemvelo ezaziwayo ezingu-285 ezizungeza amaplanethi ayisishiyagalombili. Eziningi zazingezona izinguqulo ezincane nje zeNyanga yoMhlaba. Zisukela ezintweni ezincane ezingajwayelekile, ziye emazweni amakhulu kuneMercury, zinezindawo nomlando ohluke kakhulu. Njengoba izazi zezinkanyezi ziqhubeka nokuthola nokuqinisekisa izinyanga ezincane, isamba esingabhalwanga usuku singadukisa ngokushesha.
Isibalo sango-2023, iplanethi ngeplanethi
Kuleso sithombe sango-2023, iMercury neVenus zazingenazo izinyanga ezaziwayo. UMhlaba wawuneyodwa, iMars yayinezimbili, iJupiter yayinezingu-95, iSaturn yayinezingu-146, iUranus yayinezingu-27 kanti iNeptune yayinezingu-14. Uma kuhlanganiswa lezo zibalo, isamba singu-285. Cishe zonke izinyanga zingezamaplanethi amakhulu: iJupiter, iSaturn, iUranus neNeptune zazinezinyanga ezaziwayo ezingu-282 sezizonke, kanti amaplanethi amane angaphakathi ayenezintathu.
Lezi yizibalo zohlu, azisho ukuthi iplanethi ngayinye inenani lezinyanga elingaguquki nelokugcina. Izibalo zingashintsha lapho ukubonwa kwembula izinto ezifiphele, lapho ukuhlola okwengeziwe kuqinisekisa umjikelezo wento, noma lapho isimo sento siphinde sicutshungulwa. Izinhlu ezihlukene zingase futhi zisebenzise izinsuku zokunquma ezihlukene noma izindlela ezihlukene zokubala inyanga njengeseqinisekisiwe. Ngakho-ke, isamba siqondakala kangcono ngokuthi “ezaziwayo nezibalwe kulolu hlu olubhalwe ngosuku oluthile,” kunokuba sithathwe njengenani lazo zonke izinyanga ezikhona.
Lo mehluko omkhulu unencazelo ehlobene nezakhiwo zemvelo. Amaplanethi amakhulu makhulu kakhulu kunoMhlaba futhi angagcina izinto eziningi emzileni wawo; izindawo zawo ezingaphandle nazo zinenqwaba yezinyanga ezincane. Eziningi zinesimo esingajwayelekile futhi zihamba emizileni ekude noma etshekile. Ukuba nezinyanga eziningi akusho ukuthi zonke zifana neNyanga ekhanyayo eyindilinga esiyibona sisuka eMhlabeni.
Izinyanga ezinkulu kunazo zonke zishintsha isikali
Izinyanga ezinkulu kunazo zonke zingamazwe ngokwazo. IGanymede yeJupiter iyinyanga enkulu kunazo zonke eSistimini yeLanga, inobubanzi obucishe bube ngamakhilomitha angu-5,268. Inkulu ngobubanzi kuneMercury, enobubanzi obucishe bube ngamakhilomitha angu-4,879. Lesi siqhathaniso siyamangaza ngoba iMercury iyiplanethi kanti iGanymede iyisiphuphutheki; okubalulekile ngosayizi ngumzimba ngokwawo, hhayi igama lawo noma ukuthi uzungeza ini.
ITitan yeSaturn iseduze ngobukhulu, ingamakhilomitha acishe abe ngu-5,150 ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye. Inomkhathi omkhulu, kanye namachibi nezilwandle zama-hydrocarbon awuketshezi ebusweni bayo. IGanymede neTitan zombili zinkulu kuneNyanga yoMhlaba, enobubanzi obucishe bube ngamakhilomitha angu-3,475. Ngakho-ke, umngane woMhlaba akasondeli phezulu ohlwini losayizi, yize egqamile esibhakabhakeni sethu sasebusuku futhi ethonye amakhalenda, amagagasi olwandle nokuhlolwa komkhathi okwenziwa ngabantu.
Usayizi wodwa awuyivezi yonke indaba. IIo yeJupiter incane kuneNyanga yoMhlaba kodwa inentaba-mlilo esebenza ngokwedlulele.IEuropa, nayo encane, iyizwe elineqhwa ubuso balo nengaphakathi lalo okwenza libe yisihloko esibalulekile sesayensi. IGanymede inensimu yayo kazibuthe. Le mehluko ikhombisa ukuthi “izinyanga ezinkulu kunazo zonke” iyisiqalo esiwusizo, hhayi uhlu lokubaluleka kwesayensi. Ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo ukuthi izinyanga namaplanethi kungena kanjani ohlelweni olubanzi, imephu yeSistimu yeLanga esebenzisanayo yale ngosi ikhombisa izindawo zamanje zamaplanethi.
IJupiter neSaturn: izinhlelo eziminyene
Izinyanga ezine ezinkulu zeJupiter—iIo, iEuropa, iGanymede neCallisto—zivame ukubizwa ngezinyanga zaseGalile, ngegama likaGalileo Galilei owazibona ngo-1610. Zinkulu ngokwanele ukuba nezici ezizihlukanisayo: ubuso bentaba-mlilo beIo, iqhwa laseEuropa, ubukhulu beGanymede nendawo yaseCallisto enemigodi eminingi ebangelwe ukushayisana kunikeza amarekhodi amane ahluke kakhulu esimiso seplanethi esifanayo. Ziyingcosana nje ohlwini olukhulu kakhulu lweziphuphutheki ezaziwayo zeJupiter.
Isibalo seSaturn kulolu hlu lwango-2023 sasiphezulu nakakhulu, kodwa ukuhola ngezibalo akusho ukuthi izinyanga zayo zonke zinkulu. Ingxenye enkulu yesamba yakhiwa iziphuphutheki ezincane, kuhlanganise nezinto ezihlobene namaringi namaqoqo ezinyanga. ISaturn iphinde ibe neTitan, izwe eligqamile elinomkhathi ominyene, ne-Enceladus, inyanga encane eneqhwa eyaziwa ngezinto eziqhuma esifundeni sayo esiseningizimu eduze kwesigxobo. Ukubala kubeka inyanga ngayinye eqinisekisiwe njengento eyodwa ohlwini; akukutsheli ngobukhulu bayo, ukusebenza kwayo noma ukubaluleka kwayo kwezesayensi.
Izinyanga ezikude nomngane oseduze woMhlaba
IUranus neNeptune zengeza inqwaba yezinyanga ohlwini lwamaplanethi, kuhlanganise nezimbalwa ezinkulu neziphuphutheki eziningi ezincane. ITriton yeNeptune igqama ngokuzungeza ibheke kolunye uhlangothi kunendlela iNeptune ezungeza ngayo. Lo mzila ongajwayelekile ungesinye sezizathu ezenza ososayensi bacabange ukuthi iTriton kungenzeka yabanjwa amandla adonsela phansi, kunokuba yakheke emzileni ekuyo manje kanye neNeptune. Izinyanga ezinkulu zeUranus zincane kakhulu kuneGanymede neTitan, kodwa zihlanganisa imizimba ehlukahlukene eneqhwa nedwala.
INyanga yoMhlaba ayigqamile kakhulu uma kubalwa amaplanethi ngamanye, kodwa ubudlelwano bayo noMhlaba bugqame ngendlela engavamile. Inkulu uma iqhathaniswa neplanethi eyizungezayo, futhi iseduze ngokwanele ukuba ibonakale njengento ekhanyayo enemininingwane ngeso lenyama. Izigaba zayo ezishintshayo zibangelwa ukukhanya kweLanga ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zengxenye yeNyanga ebheke eMhlabeni. Umhlahlandlela wezigaba zeNyanga uchaza leyo ndlela yokuma kwezinto; ikhalenda lezigaba zeNyanga linikeza izikhathi eziqondile zesigaba ngasinye ngenyanga.
Okungakutshelwa nokungakutshelwa isibalo sezinyanga
Isamba sezinyanga zeplanethi siyisithombe sesimo sokubukwa nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto, kanye nencazelo yalokho okuyizungezile. Izinyanga ezincane nezikude kunzima ukuzibona kunezinkulu, futhi into esanda kubonwa idinga ukubonwa izikhathi ezanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihamba emzileni ozinzile. Yingakho ithebula lezibalo elijwayelekile kufanele libe nosuku, nokuthi kungani uhlu olusha lungase lwehluke ngaphandle kokuba izinhlelo zamaplanethi zishintshe ngokuzumayo.
Uma uhlela ukubuka isibhakabhaka, isibalo asisizi kangako njengokubona iNyanga endaweni okuyo. Isigaba sayo, isikhathi sokuphuma nendawo yayo kuncike osukwini nasendaweni; ngokwesibonelo, ideshibhodi yeNyanga yaseNew York City inikeza isigaba nokukhanya kwayo kanye nezikhathi zokuphuma nokushona kweNyanga, ukuphakama, i-azimuth, ibanga, nesithombe sesibhakabhaka kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo. Isibalo seSistimu yeLanga siphendula umbuzo wokuthi zingaki izinyanga ezazibaliwe ohlwini oluthile. Uma ubheka phezulu, uthola enye indaba: iyiphi inyanga engaphezu komkhathizwe wakho kulobu busuku.