Ukusitheka kungaba nesinye isenzakalo esihlobene nakho esenzeka cishe ngemva kweminyaka engu-18. Lezi zenzakalo ezimbili zingaba nokuma okufanayo, ibanga elifanayo cishe phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga, kanye nendlela efanayo ejiyomethrini yesithunzi soMhlaba noma sesithunzi seNyanga. Lobu buhlobo bubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo we-Saros, obungesinye sezibonelo eziwusizo kakhulu zesayensi yezinkanyezi zephethini esebenza ngenxa yokuthi izigqi eziningana ezingaphelelanga zicishe zivumelane.
Umjikelezo we-Saros uthatha cishe iminyaka engu-18, izinsuku ezingu-11 namahora angu-8. Awusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi ukusitheka okufanayo kuzophinde kwenzeke phezu kwedolobha elifanayo. Amahora asele ashintsha ijiyomethri ebheke eMhlabeni, kanti umehluko omncane uyaqongelela kusukela ekuphindekeni okukodwa kuya kokulandelayo. Ngakho-ke ukusitheka ngakunye kuyingxenye yomndeni oguqukayo, hhayi uchungechunge olungapheli lwezehlakalo eziphindaphindeka ngokufana.
Ikhathalogi yokusitheka kwenyanga inikeza imininingwane yezehlakalo ngazinye, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo zazo, izikhathi zokuqala neziphela ngazo, ubude bazo kanye nokubonakala kwazo endaweni okuyo. Umjikelezo we-Saros uchaza ukuxhumana okujulile phakathi kwezinye zalezo zehlakalo: ukuthi kungani uhlobo oluthile lokuma lungaphinde lwenzeke emashumini eminyaka kamuva.
Amawashi amathathu eNyanga kufanele acishe avumelane
INyanga ilandela imijikelezo engaphezu kowodwa ewusizo. Umjikelezo wayo wezigaba, noma inyanga yesinodikhi, uthatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingu-29.53059. Lokhu kulinganisa isikhathi esisuka ekwethwaseni okukodwa kuya kokulandelayo, noma esisuka enyangeni egcwele eyodwa kuya kokulandelayo. Ukusitheka kwelanga kudinga ukwethwasa kwenyanga; ukusitheka kwenyanga kudinga inyanga egcwele. Ngakho-ke ukubuyela esigabeni esifanele kuyisidingo sokuqala sokuphindeka kokusitheka.
Iwashi lesibili lihlobene nokutsheka komjikelezo weNyanga. Indiza yomjikelezo wayo itsheke ngo-5.14 degrees uma iqhathaniswa ne-ecliptic, okuyindiza yomjikelezo woMhlaba ozungeza iLanga. Lezi zindiza ezimbili zihlangana emgqeni owodwa, kanti izindawo lapho iNyanga inqamula khona leyo ndiza zibizwa ngokuthi ama-node. Ukuze kube nokusitheka, iNyanga kufanele ibe seduze ne-node futhi ibe sesigabeni esifanele. Isikhathi esisuka ekudluleni kwenye i-node ethile siye kokulandelayo sibizwa ngokuthi inyanga yedrakonikhi, futhi sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-27.21.
Iwashi lesithathu lilinganisa ukubuya kweNyanga ku-perigee, okuyindawo eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba. Le nyanga ye-anomalistic ithatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-27.55. Ibanga lithinta ubukhulu obubonakalayo beNyanga nesivinini ehamba ngaso emjikelezweni wayo, ngakho ukuphindeka kwaleli washi kusiza ekwenzeni ukusitheka kube nezici ezifanayo.
Lezi zinyanga ziyehluka ngoba izindawo zama-node neze-perigee ziyashintsha kancane kancane. Inyanga eyodwa evamile ayikwazi ukuqalisa kabusha womathathu la mawashi.
Izibalo ezingemuva kweminyaka engu-18
Umjikelezo we-Saros uyasebenza ngoba izinyanga zesinodikhi ezingu-223 zicishe zilingane nezinyanga zedrakonikhi ezingu-242 nezinyanga ze-anomalistic ezingu-239. Ngemva kwaleso sikhathi, iNyanga ibuyela cishe esigabeni esifanayo, cishe endaweni efanayo uma iqhathaniswa ne-node, futhi cishe endaweni efanayo emjikelezweni wayo webanga elisuka eduze liye kude noMhlaba.
Ukusebenzisa ubude obumaphakathi bomjikelezo wezigaba kunikeza isibonelo esiwusizo sokubala: 223 × 29.53059 days = 6,585.32157 days. Ingxenye eyishumi esele, engu-0.32157 wosuku, icishe ibe amahora angu-7 nemizuzu engu-43. Yiyo imbangela yencazelo evamile eyindilinga ethi, “iminyaka engu-18, izinsuku ezingu-11 namahora angu-8.” Inani lezinsuku ezisele ekhalendeni liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinsuku ezingeziwe ezinqamuliwe; lingaba cishe ngu-10 esikhundleni sika-11.
Lokhu kusondelana, akukhona ukuphindaphindeka okuphelele. Ukuma kwama-node nebanga akubuyeli esimweni sangaphambilini ngokuphelele, yingakho ukusitheka kushintsha njengoba umndeni wako ukhula. Izikhawu zangempela phakathi kwezikhathi ezihambisanayo zokusitheka nazo ziyahlukahluka kancane, ngakho ukwengeza ubude obumaphakathi bomjikelezo we-Saros akuthathi indawo yokubala izikhathi zokuqala neziphela ngazo zezehlakalo.
Kukhona omunye umehluko owusizo: isibalo sezinyanga ezingu-223 sixhumanisa ukusitheka kwelanga okukodwa nokunye, noma ukusitheka kwenyanga okukodwa nokunye. Asiguquli ukusitheka okwenzeka ekwethwaseni kwenyanga kube ukusitheka okwenzeka enyangeni egcwele. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zinemindeni yazo ehlukene yemijikelezo ye-Saros.
Kungani ukusitheka okulandelayo kusuka ngasentshonalanga
Ingxenye yosuku esele iba nomphumela omkhulu endaweni yezwe. UMhlaba uyazungeza ngesikhathi kuphelelwa isikhawu esilandelayo se-Saros. Cishe amahora angu-8 ahambisana nokuzungeza okucishe kube yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, ngakho indawo ebheke ekusithekeni isuka cishe ngo-120 degrees ngobude bendawo iye ngasentshonalanga kusukela kwelinye ilungu lomndeni kuye kwelilandelayo.
Ekusithekeni kwelanga, lokhu kuyasiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ilungu lakamuva lomndeni ojwayelekile ngokuvamile lidlula engxenyeni ehlukile yoMhlaba. Ngisho noma ukuhleleka kweLanga neNyanga kufana kakhulu nokwesenzakalo sangaphambili, indawo yakho yokubuka iyobe isizungezile yasuka endaweni efanayo engaphansi kwesithunzi. Umzila uphinde usuke uye enyakatho noma eningizimu njengoba ukuma kushintsha.
Ekusithekeni kwenyanga, awukho umzila omncane wobumnyama obuphelele onqamula ebusweni boMhlaba. Umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi yiziphi izindawo lapho iNyanga izobe ingaphezu komkhathizwe phakathi nesigaba ngasinye. Ukushintsha kobude bendawo kushintsha izingxenye zomhlaba ezingasibona lesi senzakalo, nakuba izindawo ezibanzi ezingasibona zingase zidlulane.
Imijikelezo emithathu ye-Saros yakha i-exeligmos, ethatha cishe iminyaka engu-54 nenyanga eyodwa. Amahora ayo asele ayahlangana acishe afike osukwini oluphelele, abese ebuyisela isikhathi sosuku eduze naleso esasiqala ngaso. Lokhu kwenza ukufana kwezindawo kube ngcono, kodwa akukwenzi ukusitheka kuphindeke ngokufana ncamashi.
Umndeni wokusitheka unomlando wawo
Uchungechunge lwe-Saros ngumndeni owakheka ngokulandela lokho kusitheka okuhlobene, kube nesikhawu se-Saros esisodwa phakathi kwakho. Umjikelezo yisikhawu esiphindekayo; uchungechunge wukulandelana kwezehlakalo ezixhunywe yiso. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zochungechunge ezenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, amalungu azo ehlangana phakathi kwekhalenda lokusitheka. Ngakho-ke akusikho ukuthi ukusitheka okubili okulandelanayo kuyingxenye yomndeni owodwa.
Uchungechunge ngalunye luthatha amakhulu amaningi eminyaka ngoba ukungafani okuncane ekumeni kwama-node kuyaqongelela kancane kancane. Uchungechunge lokusitheka kwenyanga luqala lapho iNyanga isanda kungena engxenyeni engaphandle yesithunzi soMhlaba, ebizwa ngokuthi i-penumbra. Amalungu alandela kamuva angadlula ajule kakhulu esithunzini, abe ukusitheka okuyingxenye, futhi kwamanye amacala abe ukusitheka okuphelele. Ekugcineni, ukudlula kuya ngokuya kungajuli futhi uchungechunge luyaphela. Akuyona yonke imindeni efinyelela ekusithekeni okuphelele.
Umehluko phakathi kokusitheka kwenyanga kwe-penumbral, okuyingxenye nokuphelele unikeza isizinda esibonakalayo sale nqubekelaphambili. Umjikelezo we-Saros wengeza umbono wesikhathi eside: lezo zigaba zingamela izigaba ezihlukene zokukhula komndeni, kunokuba zibe izinhlobo zezehlakalo ezingahlobene.
Nazo izinkulumo zochungechunge lokusitheka kwelanga ziqala futhi ziphele ngokusitheka okuyingxenye, kanti ukusitheka okuphakathi nendawo kungenzeka phakathi kwalezo zigaba. Ijiyomethri yazo eshintshayo ingaveza amalungu okusitheka okuphelele, okuyindilinga noma okuyingxube. Ukufana phakathi kwamalungu omndeni kukhona ngempela, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuthi uhlobo lokusitheka ngeke lushintshe.
Lokho ababebukele basendulo ababengakubikezela
Izazi zezinkanyezi zaseBabiloni zaqaphela amaphethini aphindekayo ekusithekeni kwenyanga kudala ngaphambi kokuba kube nencazelo yesimanje yokunyakaza kwemijikelezo. Amarekhodi aqoqwa ezizukulwaneni eziningi enza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa izehlakalo ezazihlukene ngeminyaka eminingi. Impumelelo eyisisekelo kwaba ukuqaphela ukuthi uchungechunge olude lunohlelo, kunokubheka ukusitheka ngakunye njengophawu olubi noma isimanga esizimele.
Ukusitheka kwenyanga kwakunenzuzo ebonakalayo ekutholeni amaphethini anjalo. Kubonakala engxenyeni enkulu yobusuku boMhlaba, ngakho umuntu obukele endaweni eyodwa uba namathuba amaningi okuwabona kunokusitheka kwelanga okuphelele, okulandela umzila omncane. Noma kunjalo, isimo sezulu, ukukhanya kwemini neNyanga engaphansi komkhathizwe kwakungashiya izikhala kurekhodi lendawo.
Isikhawu esiphindekayo sasingakhomba ithuba lokusitheka ngaphandle kokunikeza yonke imininingwane elindelwe umuntu obukele wanamuhla. Ukubikezela umzila wendawo wokusitheka kwelanga, noma isikhathi esiqondile sokuqala kokusitheka kwenyanga okuphelele, kudinga ijiyomethri enemininingwane eyengeziwe. Ngakho amandla omlando omjikelezo we-Saros ayengabangelwa ukunemba okuphelele, kodwa ubuhlobo obuthembekile obabungatholwa ngokubuka ngaphandle kolwazi oluphelele lwamandla adonsela phansi.
Sebenzisa umjikelezo ngaphandle kokwenza izithembiso ezingaphezu kwamandla awo
Ukuze uqhathanise ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo, khetha ukusitheka kwenyanga kukhathalogi bese ubheka isenzakalo esenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu-18 ngaphambi kwaso noma ngemva kwaso. Uma ikhathalogi inikeza izinombolo ze-Saros, zisebenzise ukuqinisekisa ubuhlobo kunokuncika esikhathini esiphakathi sezinsuku zekhalenda kuphela. Qhathanisa uhlobo lokusitheka nobude baso: ukufana okukhulu kuwubufakazi bejiyomethri ephindekayo, kanti umehluko ubonisa ukuguquka komndeni kancane kancane.
Ungamane ubeke uphawu ngosuku olufanayo lwekhalenda eminyakeni engu-18 kamuva. Izinsuku ezengeziwe zibalulekile, kanjalo namahora engeziwe. Sebenzisa ikhalenda lezigaba zeNyanga ukuze uthole izikhathi eziqondile zenyanga egcwele, bese ubheka ikhathalogi yokusitheka ukuze uthole izikhathi iNyanga ethinta ngazo isithunzi. Inyanga egcwele iveza isigaba esidingekayo, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ukuthi iNyanga izongena esithunzini soMhlaba.
Ekugcineni, hlukanisa ukuba khona kokusitheka nokukwazi kwakho ukukubuka. Amadeshibhodi eNyanga asemadolobheni anikeza izikhathi zokuphuma nokushona kweNyanga, ukuphakama kwayo ne-azimuth ukuze uhlole izimo zomkhathizwe endaweni okuyo. Ukusitheka kungase kuhle ngokwejiyomethri kodwa kwenzeke iNyanga ingaphansi komkhathizwe wakho, noma kuqale isaphansi ngemva kwezakhiwo. Umjikelezo we-Saros uyakutshela ukuthi kungani isenzakalo esihlobene siphinde senzeke; isikhathi sendawo nomkhathizwe yikho okunquma ukuthi uzokwazi yini ukusibona.