I-supermoon yinyanga egcwele eyenzeka lapho iNyanga iseduze noMhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izikhathi. Leli gama elingakahleleki lichaza izinto ezimbili ezenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa: iNyanga isesigabeni sokugcwala, futhi iseduze nengxenye yomzila wayo eseduze noMhlaba. Akusho ukuthi iNyanga ivele ikhule, futhi akusona esinye isigaba senyanga. Izigaba zeNyanga zilandela iphethini ephindaphindayo, echazwa kulo mhlahlandlela wokuthi izigaba zeNyanga zisebenza kanjani.
Leli gama lingaba usizo, inqobo nje uma lingathathwa njengesithembiso sokuthi kuzoba noshintsho olumangalisayo esibhakabhakeni. Inyanga egcwele eseduze noMhlaba iba nobubanzi obubonakala bukhulu futhi ingabonakala ikhanya kakhulu kunenyanga egcwele ekude, kodwa umehluko uba kancane kancane. Indawo iNyanga ekuyo, umkhathizwe wendawo, isimo sezulu nezilungiselelo zekhamera konke kuthinta lokho okubonwa umuntu.
I-perigee nenyanga egcwele yizigigaba ezihlukene
INyanga izungeza uMhlaba ngomzila omise okweqanda, ngakho ibanga layo liyashintsha. Indawo eseduze kakhulu emzileni ibizwa ngokuthi i-perigee, kanti ekude kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi i-apogee. Amabanga avamile angamakhilomitha angaba ngu-363,300 e-perigee no-405,500 e-apogee; ibanga eliphakathi nendawo phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga lingamakhilomitha angu-384,400. Lawa ngamabanga asuka enkabeni yoMhlaba aye enkabeni yeNyanga, hhayi izilinganiso ezisuka phansi eMhlabeni ziye ebusweni beNyanga.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, inyanga egcwele iyisigaba: uhlangothi lweNyanga olubheke eMhlabeni lukhanyiswa yiLanga cishe lonke. Isigaba senyanga egcwele siphindeka njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-29.53059, kuyilapho iNyanga ithatha izinsuku ezingu-27.32166 ukuzungeza uMhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkanyezi. Ngenxa yokuthi le mijikelezo ayilingani, inyanga egcwele ayenzeki isendaweni efanayo emzileni wayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi isondela kakhulu ku-perigee, kanti ngezinye izikhathi iba kude kakhulu.
Lo mehluko uchaza ukuthi kungani inyanga egcwele ingabi yi-supermoon ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lezi zigigaba ezimbili kufanele zenzeke zisondelene ngokwanele ukuze ibanga leNyanga lihlangabezane nencazelo ekhethiwe. Njengesibonelo esibalwe ngokuningiliziwe, inyanga egcwele yangomhla ka-24 December 2026 ibhalwe njengeqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-356,927, okuyibanga elingaphansi komkhawulo we-supermoon osetshenziswa yile sayithi. Sebenzisa ikhalenda lezigaba zeNyanga ukuze uthole izinsuku ezingemva kwalesi sibonelo esinqunyiwe.
Iba nkulu futhi ikhanye kangakanani?
Ibanga lishintsha ubukhulu obubonakalayo ngenxa yombono wethu. Into eseduze ithatha indawo enkulu emkhakheni wakho wokubona kunento efanayo ekude. Uma kusetshenziswa amabanga avamile e-perigee nawe-apogee, ububanzi obubonakalayo beNyanga e-perigee buba cishe ngo-12% bukhulu kunase-apogee. Indawo yediski yayo ebonakalayo iba nkulu cishe ngo-24%. Lezi ziqhathaniso zichaza imikhawulo yamabanga avamile omzila wayo, hhayi umehluko phakathi kwazo zonke izinyanga ezigcwele.
Kunesizathu futhi esiphathelene ne-physics sokuthi kungani inyanga egcwele eseduze ingabonakala ikhanya kakhulu: ukukhanya kweLanga okubonakala eNyangeni kusabalala endaweni enkulu njengoba kufika eMhlabeni, ngakho njengoba ibanga landa, ukukhanya okuncane kufinyelela endaweni ethile ephansi. Uma kwenziwa isiqhathaniso esenziwe lula esingabheki izinguquko ekukhanyeni kobuso beNyanga nezimo zokuyibuka, ukukhanya kuyashintsha cishe ngokuphambana nesikwele sebanga. Emkhawulweni wamakhilomitha angu-360,000 osetshenziswa lapha, inyanga egcwele ingaba banzi cishe ngo-7% futhi ithole ukukhanya okwengeziwe okungaba ngu-14% kunenyanga egcwele esebangeni eliphakathi nendawo elingamakhilomitha angu-384,400.
Lezo zibalo azisho ukuthi iNyanga izobonakala inkulu ngo-7% emehlweni akho ngaphandle kosizo. Kungaba nzima ukwahlulela umehluko phakathi kwe-supermoon nenyanga egcwele evamile ngaphandle kokuziqhathanisa ngokuqondile. Isithombe singayenza ibonakale imangalisa kakhulu uma sithathwe ngelensi enobude bokugxila obude, kunento eseduze ngaphambili noma ngokuyihlela kahle esithombeni. Izithombe ezithathwe ngezilungiselelo zekhamera ezingafani azibona ubufakazi obuthembekile bokuthi iNyanga yabonakala inkulu kangakanani esibhakabhakeni.
Kungani izincazelo ze-supermoon zingafani
I-supermoon yigama elivamile, akusona isigaba esisemthethweni esisodwa sesayensi yezinkanyezi esinencazelo eyodwa esetshenziswa yonke indawo. Ezinye izincazelo zigxila enyangeni egcwele eseduze ne-perigee; ezinye zibeka umkhawulo webanga noma zichaze ukusondela njengengxenye yobubanzi bomzila weNyanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amakhalenda nezindatshana ezihlukene zingabiza izinyanga ezigcwele ezihlukene ngokuthi ama-supermoon kodwa zingaphikisani ngendawo iNyanga ekuyo ngempela. Kungenzeka nje ukuthi zisebenzisa imithetho ehlukene.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe incazelo engaguquguquki, le sayithi ichaza i-supermoon njengenyanga egcwele eseduze noMhlaba ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha angu-360,000 uma kukalwa kusukela enkabeni yoMhlaba. Lowo ngumkhawulo othile futhi oqinile uma kuqhathaniswa: ibanga elivamile le-perigee lingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-363,300, ngakho akuzona zonke izinyanga ezigcwele eziseduze ne-perigee ezifaneleka njenge-supermoon. Ngokusebenzisa incazelo ehambisanayo yale sayithi, i-micromoon yinyanga egcwele eqhele ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-405,000.
Ngakho-ke, igama elisetshenziswayo alichazi okuningi njengebanga elingemuva kwalo. Uma uqhathanisa izimangalo, hlola ukuthi zikhuluma ngenyanga egcwele yini, ukuthi ibanga likalwa kanjani nokuthi kusetshenziswa muphi umkhawulo. Amagama enyanga egcwele endabuko, afana neNyanga Yokuvuna noma iNyanga Yomzingeli, achaza olunye uhlelo lokuqamba amagama, hhayi ibanga; bheka umhlahlandlela wamagama enyanga egcwele ukuze ufunde ngaleso sihloko esihlukile.
I-supermoon ayisona ukusitheka kweNyanga
I-supermoon ayibangeli ukusitheka. Kokubili kuhilela ukuma kweLanga, uMhlaba neNyanga, kodwa ukusitheka kudinga omunye umbandela: iNyanga kufanele idlule ethunzini loMhlaba. Umzila weNyanga utsheke cishe ngama-degree angu-5.14 uma uqhathaniswa nendiza yomzila woMhlaba ozungeza iLanga, ngakho izinyanga eziningi ezigcwele zidlula ngaphezu kwalelo thunzi noma ngaphansi kwalo. Ukusitheka kweNyanga kwenzeka kuphela lapho ukuma kwalezi zindikimba kuhambisana eduze nendawo lapho imizila inqamula khona.
Inyanga egcwele eseduze ingaqondana nokusitheka uma ukuhleleka okudingekayo kwenzeka, kodwa ukusondela kukodwa akwanele. Ngokufanayo, ukusitheka akuyenzi iNyanga ibe yi-supermoon ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kusetshenziswa incazelo esekelwe ebangeni. I-ithuluzi lokulandelela ukusitheka kweNyanga lilandelela izigigaba zokusitheka, okuyisizathu esihlukile sokubuka iNyanga.
Okufanele ukubheke lapho uyibuka
INyanga ivame ukubonakala inkulu ngendlela engavamile lapho iseduze nomkhathizwe. Lo muzwa ojwayelekile, obizwa ngokuthi inkohliso yeNyanga, awubona ubufakazi bokuthi iNyanga isondele kakhulu ngokumangalisayo phakathi nobusuku. Ushintsho lobukhulu obubonakalayo olubangelwa umzila wayo lukhona ngempela, kodwa umphumela womkhathizwe uwumbono ohlukile. Indlela elula yokuhlola iwukubamba into encane ingalo yakho iyeluliwe bese uqhathanisa ububanzi beNyanga obubonakalayo ngezikhathi ezahlukene; gwema ukwahlulela ubukhulu ngokuncika enkumbulweni kuphela.
Ukuze wenze isiqhathaniso esiwusizo, bheka izithombe zezinyanga ezimbili ezigcwele ezithathwe endaweni efanayo kusetshenziswa ilensi efanayo nokuhlelwa kwesithombe okufanayo, noma uziqhathanise ngokulandelana okukodwa okuhlanganisa into ecacile engasetshenziswa ukukala. Uma inhloso yakho kuwukwahlulela idiski yeNyanga uqobo, susa umkhathizwe nezinto eziphambili esithombeni kuleso siqhathaniso. Inkungu esemkhathini ingenza iNyanga ephansi ibonakale iwolintshi noma ibomvu, kodwa lowo mbala ubangelwa ukukhanya okudlula emoyeni omningi, hhayi ukusondela kweNyanga.
Okulindelekile okusekelwe emaqinisweni wushintsho olulinganiselwe kubukhulu nasekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, olunqunywa ibanga langempela leNyanga futhi luncishiswe yizimo zokuyibuka. Ukwazi ibanga, kunokuthembela egameni elingakahleleki kuphela, kwenza kube lula ukuqonda i-supermoon—futhi kusiza ukuhlukanisa ukuma kwemizila yezindikimba zasezulwini nezindlela izithombe nombono okungakukhulisa ngazo.