Uma ubeka izinkhosikazi zombie ze-atomic ezilingana — enye emhlabeni kanye nenye eLangeni — futhi uzibale kumva kosuku elixhuze, izinkhosikazi zeLanga aziba nangaphambilane yamamikro-ayoba amasekhethi angamashumi nambili namashumi. Lokhu akukhetheke ezinkhosikazi. Kungenakona yobukhulu bomhlaba, ethethwe yi-Albert Einstein ngasekuseni kweminyaka eyishumi isikhombisa okulomhle.
Gravity Okubhaliselwa Kwesikhathi Alaye
I-Einstein's general relativity, eyabhaliselwe ngo-1915, ichaza i-gravity ayikho ulwandle kodwa imela okubhaliselwa kwe-spacetime. Izinto ezikhulu efana ne-Umhlaba nelanga zibhalisele i-spacetime ebonakala kuzo, futhi lokhu kubhalisele kuthinta indlela yesikhathi ekuthatha ngayo.
Umthombo owonakale yile: izinhlobo zamagravity ezinkulu, wusikhathi osesicini. Lokhu kwibizo okuthiwa yi-gravity time dilation. Umhlaba ibanga lokubhaliselwa 9.8 m/s², nalanga cishe 1.62 m/s² — cishe ilinga elilodwa lalishumi nantathu. Ngenxa yezinhlobo zamagravity elangeni engcono, i-spacetime iyakuba incane khona, futhi izinkhosikazi zithwala ngaphandle.
Inamashumi nambili namashumi nokubhaliselwa Kwesikhathi
Isikhathi esidinga izinkhosikazi ze-lunar elihleza ngaphandle kuthembele ekuthapheli kwegravity phakathi komhlaba nomhlaba, kanye nemikhela embalwa eyokunyakulela yokubhowiwe nokubhaliselwa nesikhathi.
Gravity okubhaliselwa — izinkhosikazi eLangeni zithwala ngaphandle ngenxa yokubhaliselwa okwenziwa kwezinhlobo — nenza ngamakhilomethala angamaphethelo +58.7 microsecond osuku. Imali, okunyakulela kwehumusha (cishe 1.022 km/s) kusebenza okubhaliselwa okuwakhulisayo okungacindane (isikhathi sokubhaliselwa kwesikhathi sokhombiso), sifaka amasekhethi angamaphethelo angamaphethelo -2.7 microsecond osuku. Umphasambili ngendawo jele cishe +56.02 microsecond osuku.
Lokhu kubalazwa kuvunyelwe ngamacwaning amaningi anezikhoela, kubandakanya umsebenzi we-NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory kanye ne-National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Lokhu Akugxilisaniswe — Siyakwazwa
Gravity okubhaliselwa kwesikhathi kungokunye kwamathutha amahle kunamagumba akazwayo. Izinkhosikazi ze-GPS, eziphakela umhlaba ngamakhilomethala angamaphethelo anginane, zithwala cishe 45 microsecond osuku kukhona umhlaba esikhundleni. Ngaphandle kokuqala lokhu, indawo ye-GPS ayozoba nemiskakamelo angamakhilomethala angamashumi usuku.
I-physics efana nobuhle eLangeni. Ngomzuzwane akawalulamishwa amakhilomethala we-atomic eLangeni, isikhombiso sivela ezincwadini ezifanayo. Gravity okubhaliselwa kwesikhathi ifomu lizisikho isikhombiso okuthathwe nokubalwa kukhona elilanga lwe-trillion.
Isikhathi Samashumi Nambili namashumi Nokusebenza
Inqubo yomuntu osemqoka, iamamikro-ayoba amasekhethi angamashumi nambili ayoyena okubalulekile. Kodwa ekusetshenziswa okuhle, ivumela kubalazwa:
Ngamazinye isikhathi, ilanga linange ngamakhilomethala angamaphethelo angamaphethelo 1.7 milliseconds. Ngomnyaka, isikhathi sibhaliselwe ngamakhilomethala angamaphethelo 20 milliseconds. Kusukela e-J2000.0 epoch (January 1, 2000), isikhathi esikhonjiswe silukhele amasekhethi angamashumi nambili.
Ekulonimiseni, ukukhanya kuhamba cishe 300 imitha nge-microsecond. Isamakhe amasekhethi angamashumi nambili sei ivama ibanga elingayo ngamakhilomethala angamashumi nantathu osuku. Inqubo evunyelwe yi-Artemis missions — imikhakha emililo emililo emiphakamisile ukhona — lokhu kubhaliselwa akukwanele ngaphandle kokuqala.
Lokhu kuyisizathu enkosi Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) iyashintshwa — lokhu kubhaliselwa kunezinkhosikazi zonke zeLanga ezilingane.