Inyanga egcwele ingaba namagama angaphezu kwelilodwa, futhi amagama ajwayeleke kakhulu esiNgisini awasetshenziswa yonke indawo. I-Wolf Moon, i-Snow Moon ne-Worm Moon kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo zezinkathi zonyaka noma nokusebenza kwezilwane, kanti i-Harvest Moon inencazelo ecacile kakhudlwana ephathelene nekhalenda. Izindaba ezihambisana nawo ziyinhlanganisela yokubuka, isiko nokuxoxwa kabusha okwenzeka kamuva—akusilo uhlelo olulodwa olusemthethweni lokuqamba iNyanga.
Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba incazelo ekhumbulekayo ayisho ukuthi imvelaphi yayo ifakazelwe. Amanye amagama anezincazelo eziningi eziphakanyisiwe, futhi igama elihlotshaniswa nomphakathi othile noma ne-almanaka ethile kungenzeka lingamele bonke abantu abahlala esifundeni esifanayo. Uma sibheka amagama njengezinkomba zamasiko, hhayi njengezigaba zesayensi yezinkanyezi, kuba lula ukuqonda ukuhlukahluka kwawo.
INyanga eyodwa, amasiko amaningi okuqamba
Izigaba zeNyanga zilandela umjikelezo ongaguquguquki, kodwa izinyanga zekhalenda azinjalo. Inyanga egcwele iphinda ibonakale ngemva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-29.53059, ngakho usuku eyenzeka ngalo luyashintsha inyanga nenyanga. Ngakho isigaba esifanayo singachazwa ngegama lenkathi yonyaka, igama lenyanga yekhalenda, umkhosi wenkolo noma wesiko, noma igama lendawo elihlobene nalokho abantu abakubona ngaphandle.
Uhlu lwamagama esiNgisi luvame ukuhlanganisa amagama avela emithonjeni engaphezu kowodwa bese luwethula njengokulandelana okuhlelekile, igama elilodwa lenyanga ngayinye. Le ndlela ilula, kodwa ingenza amasiko ahlukene abonakale efana kakhulu kunalokho ayikho. Amagama angahluka emiphakathini ehlukene, futhi igama elifanayo lingaba nezincazelo ezihlukile. Izinkomba zezinkathi zonyaka nazo zincike endaweni: izimpawu zasebusika kwenye ingxenye yomhlaba ziqondana nehlobo kwenye.
Umhlahlandlela wamagama enyanga egcwele wethula amagama enyanga ngayinye, uhlanganisa namasiko amaKoloni aseMelika, amaCeltic, amaShayina, amaHindu, amaJapane, amaSulumane, ama-Ojibwe namaCree. Ukubona izinhlelo eziningi zokuqamba zibekwe ndawonye kusikhumbuza kahle ukuthi uhlu lwesiNgisi olujwayelekile luwumbono owodwa wamasiko phakathi kweminingi, alulona ikhalenda leNyanga lomhlaba wonke.
I-Wolf Moon: igama lasebusika elinemvelaphi engaqinisekile
I-Wolf Moon yigama elivame ukusetshenziswa ngesiNgisi uma kukhulunywa ngenyanga egcwele kaJanuwari. Incazelo eyaziwayo yaleli gama ilihlobanisa nezimpisi ezizwakala zihhewula ebusika. Lokho kuhlobana kunengqondo njengendaba ephathelene nenkathi yonyaka: ubusuku basebusika bude, futhi ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho izimpisi ziyizilwane ezibonakala kalula. Kodwa le ncazelo ehehayo ayiqinisekisi imvelaphi eyodwa eqondile yomlando, futhi ayifakazeli ukuthi yonke imiphakathi esebenzisa igama elifanayo yayisho into efanayo.
Inyanga egcwele ayibangeli izimpisi ukuba zihhewule. Ukuhewula kuyindlela yokuxhumana, futhi ukuziphatha kwesilwane akulawulwa yisigaba seNyanga ngendlela igama elingase lisikisele ngayo. Kungcono ukuqonda leli gama njengencazelo yabantu yenkathi yonyaka—indlela yokuxhumanisa iphuzu eliphindaphindayo ekhalendeni leNyanga nemisindo noma izindaba ezihlobene nobusika.
Lena yindlela ewusizo yokufunda amagama eNyanga ngokujwayelekile. Angasitshela lokho abantu ababekuqaphela, ababekwesaba, ababekugubha noma ababedinga ukukukhumbula, ngisho nalapho indlela esuka emshweni wakudala iye encazelweni yesimanje ingabhalwanga ngokugcwele. Ukuphatha i-Wolf Moon njengegama lamasiko, hhayi njengesigaba sesayensi, kugcina ithakazelisa ngaphandle kokuguqula izinganekwane zibe isimangalo ngokuziphatha kwezilwane.
I-Snow Moon ne-Worm Moon zibonisa ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka
I-Snow Moon ivame ukuhlotshaniswa noFebhuwari kanye neqhwa elinzima kwezinye izingxenye zeNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Leli gama libonisa okulindelekile enkathini ethile yonyaka, alisona isibikezelo: i-Snow Moon ingakhanya ebusuku obucwebile nobupholile, futhi leli gama alisho lutho ngesimo sezulu edolobheni elithile. Njengamagama amaningi eNyanga, lisiza kakhulu uma liqondwa esimweni salo sokuqala sezulu namasiko.
I-Worm Moon ivame ukuhlotshaniswa noMashi. Enye incazelo eyaziwayo ithi izikelemu zomhlaba ziyavela lapho inhlabathi incibilika; enye ihlobanisa leli gama nezimpawu zokushintsha kwenkathi yonyaka, kuhlanganise nokubuya kwezinyoni ezidla izinto ezitholakala obala emhlabathini. Lezi izincazelo ezizwakalayo, kodwa akufanele zethulwe njengeyodwa incazelo yemvelaphi eqinisekile. Igama lingathola izincazelo eziningi njengoba liphindaphindwa futhi liguqulwa.
Ukulandelana kweqhwa nezikelemu kunengqondo njengendaba yokuthi ubusika buyadamba bese kungena intwasahlobo ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile enyakatho. Akulona uhlelo lwezikhathi olusebenza emhlabeni wonke. ENingizimu Nenkabazwe, uMashi usekwindla, futhi izinkathi zonyaka, isimo sezulu namakhalenda endawo kunquma ukuthi yiziphi izincazelo zeNyanga ezizwakala zibalulekile. Ngisho nasesifundeni esisodwa, igama lingaba uphawu kunokuba lichaze ngokunembile izimo zobusuku benyanga egcwele.
I-Harvest Moon inencazelo esekelwe ekhalendeni
I-Harvest Moon ihlukile emagameni avame ukuvusa umqondo wenkathi yonyaka noma wesibonakaliso semvelo. Ngokwencazelo yale ngosi, iyinyanga egcwele esondelene kakhulu ne-equinox kaSepthemba. Ngokuvamile leli gama lichazwa ngokuhlobana kwalo nomsebenzi wokuvuna: ngalesi sikhathi, izinyanga ezigcwele ziphuma eduze nokushona kwelanga kusihlwa okulandelanayo, zinikeze ukukhanya kwemvelo okwengeziwe ngemva kwamahora okukhanya kwasemini. Isikhathi esiqondile nokuba wusizo kwalokho kukhanya kuncike endaweni nasosukwini, kodwa ukuhlobana kokukhanya kweNyanga nomsebenzi wakusihlwa yikho okwenza leli gama liqhubeke lithandwa.
I-Harvest Moon ayihlali iyinyanga egcwele kaSepthemba uqobo. Uma enye inyanga egcwele isondelene kakhulu ne-equinox kaSepthemba, khona-ke leyo nyanga ithola leli gama ngokwale ncazelo. Igama futhi alisho ukuthi isilimo esithile sesikulungele ukuvunwa yonke indawo. Lihlanganisa isenzakalo sesayensi yezinkanyezi nephuzu elithile lenkathi yonyaka ekhalendeni, kuyilapho incazelo engokoqobo yokuvuna ihluka ngokwesifunda nangokwesiko lezolimo.
Ikhalenda lezigaba zeNyanga linikeza izikhathi eziqondile zeNyanga entsha, ikota yokuqala, inyanga egcwele nekota yokugcina, inyanga ngayinye. Ukuqhathanisa lezo zikhathi nezimo zendawo kusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani inyanga egcwele enegama elithile ingabonakala ngezinsuku ezihlukene zekhalenda ezindaweni ezihlukene, nokuthi kungani igama lodwa lingakutsheli ukuthi iNyanga iphuma nini lapho uhlala khona.
Sebenzisa amagama njengezinkomba, hhayi njengezibikezelo zokubuka isibhakabhaka
Igama lingakusiza ukhumbule ukuthi kufanele ubheke nini, kodwa alikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi iNyanga izobe ingaphezu komkhathizwe wakho yini, izobonakala iphakeme kangakanani, noma ukuthi amafu azoyifihla yini. Le mininingwane incike osukwini nasendaweni. Ngosuku oluthile lokuzalwa noma lomlando, ithuluzi lokubheka iNyanga ngosuku lokuzalwa libonisa isigaba seNyanga, ukukhanya kwayo kanye nobudala bayo ngezinsuku ezisukela ku-1900 kuya ku-2100. Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwesibhakabhaka sendawo, ikhasi leNyanga laseLondon libonisa isigaba samanje nenani lokukhanya, ukuphuma nokushona kweNyanga, ukuphakama kwayo ne-azimuth, ibanga, kanye nombono wesibhakabhaka onesimo sezulu sendawo.
Abathwebuli bezithombe nemindeni bangasebenzisa igama lesiko njengendikimba yobusuku bokubuka iNyanga, bese behlola izimo zangempela zesibhakabhaka endaweni yabo kunokuthembela egameni. Usuku nesikhathi sokuphuma kwenyanga egcwele kungaba ngezinsuku ezihlukene zekhalenda lendawo kuye ngendawo yesikhathi, futhi iNyanga ekhanya kakhulu ingafiphaza izinkanyezi ezingakhanyi kakhulu ngisho nalapho isibhakabhaka sicwebile. Igama lisinikeza indaba yabantu; ikhalenda nombono wendawo kusinikeza imininingwane esebenzisekayo.
Yile nhlanganisela—indaba, indawo nokubuka—eyenza amagama enyanga egcwele aqhubeke ewusizo ngisho nalapho kuxoxwa ngemvelaphi yawo. I-Wolf, i-Snow ne-Worm achaza izinto abantu ababezihlobanisa nezinkathi zonyaka eziphindaphindayo. I-Harvest Moon iphinde iveze ubuhlobo obuthile phakathi kwenyanga egcwele ne-equinox kaSepthemba. Akukho kulawa magama okushintsha ukuzungeza kweNyanga, kodwa ngalinye linikeza indlela yokuxhumanisa umjikelezo wasezulwini obikezelwayo nezindlela ezihlukahlukene abantu ababhekana ngazo nonyaka.