Ko te marama-iti he Marama kī ka puta i te wā e āhua tawhiti ana te Marama i Papatūānuku, e tata ana ki te wāhi tawhiti rawa o tōna āmionga. Kāore te Marama tonu e mimiti. He iti noa iho te wāhi e nohoia ana e tōna kōpae i te rangi, pēnei i te pōro tawhiti ka iti ake te āhua i tētahi pōro ōrite e pātata mai ana.
Nō reira, ko te marama-iti te ritenga kē o te marama-nui: ko tētahi e tohu ana i te pito tawhiti o te whānuitanga tawhiti o te Marama, ko tētahi i te pito pātata. Ehara tētahi, ehara tētahi i te wāhanga motuhake o te huringa āhua o te Marama, ā, kāore hoki e rerekē ai te āhua taunga o ngā whenua teitei kanapa me ngā mania pōuri i tōna mata.
Ehara te pātai matua i te mea mēnā he rerekētanga rahi kei reira — kei reira tonu — engari ko te nui o taua rerekētanga, me te taea rānei te kite. Mā tētahi whakaahua ōrite ka kitea pea he rerekētanga he uaua rawa atu te whakatau mā te titiro noa ki te Marama kī.
He aha ngā paearu mō te marama-iti?
Kāore anō kia whakaaetia whānuitia e ngā tohunga arorangi tētahi paenga pūmau mō te kupu marama-iti. He tapanga whakamārama rongonui kē tēnei, ehara i te momo ahanoa tiretiera kua tautuhia ōkawatia. Nō reira, tērā pea ka kitea e koe he paepae tawhiti, he ture wā rānei rerekē i ia tānga. Ka whakamahia hoki e ētahi te kupu mō tētahi Marama hou kei tawhiti, ahakoa kāore e kitea ana te Marama hou noa hei kōpae kanapa.
I tēnei pae, ko te marama-iti he Marama kī kei tua atu i te 405,000 km i te pokapū o Papatūānuku. E kīia ana taua inenga mai i te pokapū ki te pokapū he tawhiti ā-pokapū-whenua. He pūwāhi tohutoro ōrite tēnei, kāore i te tawhiti ka rerekē i runga i te wāhi o te mātakitaki i te mata o Papatūānuku.
Hei tauira kua tautuhia ki te rā, ko te Marama kī o 18 Hōngongoi 2027 e 406,220 km te tawhiti ā-pokapū-whenua, ā, e tutuki ana i taua whakamāramatanga. Mō ngā rā o ngā wāhanga ā-Marama o nāianei me ngā wā tika o te Marama kī, whakamahia te maramataka wāhanga ā-Marama.
E whakamārama ana te kīanga Marama kī i te apogee i te āhuatanga taketake: he Marama kī e tata ana ki te wāhi tawhiti rawa o te āmionga ā-Marama. Ehara i te mea me ōrite tonu te wā tonu o te Marama kī ki te wā tonu o te apogee. Ka taea e te tapanga marama-iti te kapi i tētahi Marama kī e pātata rawa ana ki te apogee, kia neke atu ai i te paepae tawhiti kua kōwhiria.
He aha i kore ai e hāngai pū te apogee me te Marama kī?
He āmionga porotītaha tō te Marama, ehara i te porowhita pū. Ko te wāhi e tino pātata ana ki Papatūānuku ko te perigee; ko te wāhi e tino tawhiti ana ko te apogee. E 384,400 km te tawhiti toharite, ā, ko ngā tawhiti angamaheni ki te perigee me te apogee, e 363,300 km me te 405,500 km. Ehara ēnei uara angamaheni i te paenga pūmau: nā te tō ā-papa o te Rā ka rerekē ngā tawhiti tūturu i ia āmionga.
He rerekē ngā mea e whakamāramatia ana e te tawhiti me te wāhanga ā-Marama. E tohu ana te tawhiti i te wāhi o te Marama i tōna āmionga kōpiko. E tohu ana te wāhanga ā-Marama i te nui o tōna tuakoi whakamāramatia e te Rā e anga mai ana ki a tātou. Ka puta te Marama kī i te wā e tata ana te Marama ki te taha ritenga atu o te Rā i te rangi o Papatūānuku, ahakoa kei te tata ki te perigee, ki te apogee, ki waenganui rānei.
E 29.53059 ngā rā o te huringa toharite mai i tētahi Marama hou ki tētahi atu, arā, ko te marama-huringa. He rerekē te manawataki ā-āmionga o te huringa mai i tētahi apogee ki tētahi. Nā te kore ōrite o aua manawataki, kāore te Marama e hoki ki te tawhiti ōrite i ia Marama kī.
Koia i āta neke ai te raupapa o ngā Marama kī, mai i ngā mea āhua pātata ki ngā mea āhua tawhiti. He tūtakitanga te marama-iti o ngā āhuatanga e rua — te wāhanga kī me te tawhiti nui — ehara i te wāhanga tāpiri ka kuhuna ki te huringa o ngā wāhanga ā-Marama.
E hia te iti ake o tōna āhua?
Mō tētahi ahanoa kei te tawhiti pērā i te Marama, he āhua taurite te whānui ā-kanohi ki te tauaro o te tawhiti. Ki te rearua te tawhiti, ka rite te āhua o te kōpae ki te haurua o tōna whānui. He iti ake te whānuitanga o ngā tawhiti o te Marama i tērā, nō reira he āhua iti noa te rerekētanga tūturu.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā tawhiti angamaheni i runga ake nei, whakawehea te 363,300 ki te 405,500. E 0.896 pea te otinga. Ko te tikanga, he 10.4 ōrau te iti ake o te whānui ā-kanohi o te Marama i te apogee angamaheni i tōna whānui i te perigee angamaheni. Mā tēnei whakataurite e whakaatu te pānga o te tawhiti; kāore e tika kia puta ngā tūranga e rua i te wā o te Marama kī.
He paku rerekē te otinga ina whakatauritea ngā Marama kī e rua kua tautuhia ki ngā rā. E 356,927 km te tawhiti o te marama-nui o 24 Hakihea 2026, ā, e 406,220 km te tawhiti o te marama-iti o 18 Hōngongoi 2027. Ki te whakawehea te 356,927 ki te 406,220, e 0.879 pea te otinga: e tata ana ki te 12.1 ōrau te whāiti ake o te kōpae o te marama-iti i tō te marama-nui.
He mea nui te āhua o te kōrero. Ki te hurihia te whakataurite, e 13.8 ōrau pea te whānui ake o te marama-nui i te marama-iti, nā te mea ko te kōpae iti ake te tūāpapa inenga ināianei. He kōrero ōrite te tikanga o ēnei rerenga e rua mō aua Marama e rua.
Mō tētahi whakamārama whānui ake mō ngā Marama kī e pātata mai ana, tirohia te whakamāramatanga o te marama-nui. Ka whakarōpūtia e te pae ngā Marama kī kei raro iho i te 360,000 km te tawhiti hei marama-nui, mā te whakamahi i taua tohutoro ā-pokapū-whenua anō mō te paepae marama-iti.
Whakaritea he whakataurite ā-kanohi, ā-whakaahua rānei e tika ana
He āhua rite tonu te marama-iti ki tētahi Marama kī noa. Kāore te nuinga o te tangata e maumahara pū ana ki te whānui o te Marama mai i ngā wiki, i ngā marama rānei o mua, nō reira ehara te titiro whakarunga me te whakatau he iti te āhua i te whakamātautau pono. Ka whakararu anō te pohewa o te Marama: tērā pea ka āhua nui rawa te Marama e pātata ana ki te pae, ahakoa ehara taua āhua i te hua o tana neke pātata ake ki Papatūānuku.
He māmā ake te whakataurite mā te whakaahua. Whakamahia taua kāmera, taua arotahi, taua roanga arotahi, me taua rahi whakaahua mō ngā Marama kī e rua. Kaua e whakarerekē wehe i te rahi o tētahi whakaahua, ā, whakatauritea ngā kōnae taketake, kaua ko ngā whakaahuamata kua rerekē pea te rahi. Ki te taea, whakaahuatia te Marama i runga ake i te pae, kei iti ake ai te whakararu a te kōpiko o te kōhauhau.
Me kī, e 1,000 pika te whānui o te Marama kī pātata ake i tō whakaahua. Mō ngā Marama e rua kua whakaritea ki te rā i runga ake nei, me e 879 pika pea te whānui o te Marama kī tawhiti ake, ki te ōrite ērā atu āhuatanga. Ka taea te ine i taua rerekētanga, ahakoa kāore i mārama i a koe e tiro ana mā te kāmera. He whakatau tata tēnei nā te mea kāore te tawhiti i waenga i te mātakitaki me te Marama i te ōrite pū ki te tawhiti ā-pokapū-whenua, ā, ka rerekē pea te āhuahanga mātakitaki i ia wā.
Whakamahia te rapunga papatohu Marama mō ngā tāone hei kimi i ngā wā e whiti mai ai, e tō ai hoki te Marama i tō rohe, tōna teitei, tōna ahimutu, tōna tawhiti, me tētahi tirohanga ki te rangi e whakaatu ana i te huarere ā-rohe. Mā aua kōrero koe e āwhina ki te kōwhiri i ngā wā mātakitaki e ōrite ana te teitei o te Marama, kaua e whakataurite i tētahi Marama kei raro i te pae ki tētahi kei runga rawa.
Ki te whakaurua he whare, he rākau rānei ki te whakaahua, me pūmau hoki te tūnga o te kāmera. Mā te neke atu i te mea kei mua, me te whakamahi i tētahi arotahi roa ake, ka āhua nui ake te Marama ki taua mea. Ka taea e taua pānga whakaahua te tino hipa ake i te rerekētanga rahi tūturu i waenga i te marama-iti me te marama-nui.
Ehara te kōpae iti ake i te rourou ā-Marama kua pōuri
He nui atu te pānga o te tawhiti i te whānui anake. Ka rerekē te horahanga ā-kanohi o tētahi kōpae porowhita e ai ki te tapawhā o tōna whānui. Mō te whakataurite kua whakaritea ki te rā i runga ake nei, e 0.772 pea te hua o te 0.879 whakareatia ki a ia anō, nō reira e tata ana ki te 23 ōrau te iti ake o te horahanga ā-kanohi o te marama-iti i tō te marama-nui.
Ki te ōrite ērā atu āhuatanga whakamārama me te mātakitaki, he iti ake anō te nui o te aho ka tae atu ki te mātakitaki mai i te kōpae iti ake o te Marama kī. Ehara tēnei i te mea ka pōuri ake ia wāhi o te whenua ā-Marama i te ōwehenga ōrite. Ka whakakōpekehia taua whenua anō ki tētahi horahanga ā-koki iti ake; he ine rerekē te aho katoa ka tae mai me te wherikotanga o te mata. Ka whakapohehe pea te kohu, ngā kapua, te teitei me te puaretanga o te kāmera i ngā whakataurite wherikotanga noa.
He pānga kē te rourou ā-Marama. Ka puta i te wā ka whakawhiti te Marama mā te atarangi o Papatūānuku, ehara i te wā ka tae te Marama ki te apogee. Kāore te marama-iti e whero aunoa, e whiwhi aunoa i tētahi marumaru pōuri, e ngaro rānei tōna wāhanga kī. Hei tirotiro i ngā takahanga atarangi tūturu, kei te rārangi rourou ā-Marama ngā momo rourou, ngā wā tīmatanga me ngā wā mutunga, ngā roanga, me te kitea o te rourou i tō wāhi.
He mea whaihua tēnei wehewehenga ina whakamāramatia ngā whakaahua: ki te iti ōrite te kōpae kī katoa, he tohu tēnā mō te tawhiti, mō te āwhata whakaahua rānei; ki te neke te atarangi puta noa i te kōpae, he tohu tēnā mō te rourou. E whakamārama ana te marama-iti i te wāhi o te Marama i tōna āmionga; e whakamārama ana te rourou i te pānga ki te aho o te Rā e tae atu ana ki a ia.